{"title":"The role of virus-induced regulatory T cells in immunopathology.","authors":"Shelly J Robertson, Kim J Hasenkrug","doi":"10.1007/s00281-006-0019-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, regulatory T cells have received increased attention for their role in immune responses to microbial infections. The list of microbial pathogens associated with regulatory T cell responses is growing rapidly and includes bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. As the biology of regulatory T cells is revealed, we are discovering that their induction during infection is a normal aspect of immunity, necessary to limit collateral damage from inflammatory responses and aggressive immunological effectors. Thus, these cells play a critical role in maintaining the delicate balance between preventing immunopathology and allowing the immune response to clear infections. While generally successful, there are notable exceptions where regulatory T cell-mediated suppression appears to be responsible for allowing certain viruses to establish and maintain a persistent state. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of what virus-induced regulatory T cells are, how they are induced, and what mechanisms they use to suppress immunity. The complex role of Tregs in regulating immunity to viral infections, and the consequences their activity has on disease is illustrated by a review of specific viral infections including hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":74860,"journal":{"name":"Springer seminars in immunopathology","volume":"28 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079961/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Springer seminars in immunopathology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-006-0019-2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2006/7/14 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In recent years, regulatory T cells have received increased attention for their role in immune responses to microbial infections. The list of microbial pathogens associated with regulatory T cell responses is growing rapidly and includes bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. As the biology of regulatory T cells is revealed, we are discovering that their induction during infection is a normal aspect of immunity, necessary to limit collateral damage from inflammatory responses and aggressive immunological effectors. Thus, these cells play a critical role in maintaining the delicate balance between preventing immunopathology and allowing the immune response to clear infections. While generally successful, there are notable exceptions where regulatory T cell-mediated suppression appears to be responsible for allowing certain viruses to establish and maintain a persistent state. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of what virus-induced regulatory T cells are, how they are induced, and what mechanisms they use to suppress immunity. The complex role of Tregs in regulating immunity to viral infections, and the consequences their activity has on disease is illustrated by a review of specific viral infections including hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus.
近年来,调节性 T 细胞因其在微生物感染免疫反应中的作用而受到越来越多的关注。与调节性 T 细胞反应相关的微生物病原体正在迅速增加,包括细菌、病毒、寄生虫和真菌。随着调节性 T 细胞生物学特性的揭示,我们发现在感染期间诱导调节性 T 细胞是免疫的一个正常方面,是限制炎症反应和侵袭性免疫效应物造成的附带损害所必需的。因此,这些细胞在维持预防免疫病理和允许免疫反应清除感染之间的微妙平衡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然总体上是成功的,但也有明显的例外情况,即调节性 T 细胞介导的抑制似乎是导致某些病毒建立并维持持久状态的原因。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论我们目前对病毒诱导的调节性 T 细胞是什么、如何诱导以及它们抑制免疫的机制的理解。通过对丙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒等特定病毒感染的综述,说明调节性 T 细胞在调节病毒感染免疫力方面的复杂作用及其活动对疾病的影响。