DNA methylation dynamics in plant genomes

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression Pub Date : 2007-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.01.009

Mary Gehring, Steven Henikoff

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引用次数: 181

Abstract

Cytosine bases are extensively methylated in the DNA of plant genomes. DNA methylation has been implicated in the silencing of transposable elements and genes, and loss of methylation can have severe consequences for the organism. The recent methylation profiling of the entire Arabidopsis genome has provided insight into the extent of DNA methylation and its functions in silencing and gene transcription. Patterns of DNA methylation are faithfully maintained across generations, but some changes in DNA methylation are observed in terminally differentiated tissues. Demethylation by a DNA glycosylase is required for the expression of imprinted genes in the endosperm and de novo methylation might play a role in the selective silencing of certain self-incompatibility alleles in the tapetum. Because DNA methylation patterns are faithfully inherited, changes in DNA methylation that arise somatically during the plant life cycle have the possibility of being propagated. Therefore, epimutations might be an important source of variation during plant evolution.

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植物基因组DNA甲基化动力学

胞嘧啶碱基在植物基因组DNA中广泛甲基化。DNA甲基化与转座因子和基因的沉默有关，甲基化的缺失会对生物体产生严重的后果。最近对整个拟南芥基因组的甲基化分析提供了对DNA甲基化程度及其在沉默和基因转录中的功能的深入了解。DNA甲基化模式在几代之间忠实地保持，但在终末分化组织中观察到DNA甲基化的一些变化。DNA糖基化酶的去甲基化是印迹基因在胚乳中的表达所必需的，重新甲基化可能在绒毡层中某些自交不亲和等位基因的选择性沉默中起作用。由于DNA甲基化模式是忠实地遗传的，因此在植物生命周期中发生的DNA甲基化变化有可能被繁殖。因此，进化可能是植物进化过程中变异的重要来源。

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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression

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