[Anemic complications of sickle cell disease: frequency and evolution of 338 cases reported at Yopougon Teaching Hospital].

Abstract

Introduction: Anemic complications of sickle cell disease are defined as all acute or chronical complications due to anemia. In order to describe complications of sickle cell disease, authors reported frequency and course of anemic manifestations.

Method: This is a descriptive study based on retrospective analysis of data about 338 patients with sickle cell disease collected in the Service d'hematologie Clinique of Yopougon Teaching Hospital over a period of 11 years (March 1994 to September 2005).

Results: Mean age of our patients was 21.34 years, ranging from 7 months and 62 years.Majority of patients (68.93%) are aged 15 years or more. Male patients are predominant, with a sex-ratio of 1.36 and most of our patients (98.82%) are from low social condition. Anemic complications were the most occurring complications in our patients with a frequency of 18.78%. Acute anemic complications are the most frequently noticed (87.87%), among which acute crises of deglobulization are mainly present (94.27%). Chronical anemic complications are noticed in 23.67%of our patients and consist mainly of gall bladder lithiasis (20.12%). Death occurred in 10.35% of our patients and was due to anemic complications in 42.86% of cases.

Comments: The predominance of acute anemic complications may be due to the comorbidity observed in most of our major sickle cell disease patients. It may turn a chronical haemolytic anemia in acute hemolysis which is a major complication.

Conclusion: Sickle cell disease has become nowadays a disease of little letality. Its anemic complications are the most important ones in our working conditions.