The contribution of astrocyte signalling to neurovascular coupling

Giorgio Carmignoto, Marta Gómez-Gonzalo
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引用次数: 168

Abstract

The tight spatial and temporal coupling between neuronal activity and blood flow ensures that active brain regions receive an adequate supply of oxygen and energetic metabolites. There clearly is still an enormous amount of experimental and theoretical work to be done to unravel the precise mechanism of neurovascular coupling, but over the last decade significant advances have been made. The most recent studies confirm the original finding that the activation of Ca2+ elevations in astrocyte endfeet is an essential step but also reveal new levels of complexity in the astrocyte control of neurovascular coupling. The recent evidence for a link between Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes and local metabolic states of the brain tissue has broad implications for the interpretation of data from functional brain imaging studies. Unraveling the full molecular mechanism of the astrocyte control of cerebral blood flow represents a formidable challenge in neurobiological research in the years to come that might also create opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke, hypertension and migraine as well as neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease.

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星形胶质细胞信号传导对神经血管耦合的贡献
神经元活动和血流之间紧密的时空耦合确保大脑活动区域获得充足的氧气和高能代谢物供应。显然,仍有大量的实验和理论工作要做,以解开神经血管耦合的确切机制,但在过去的十年中已经取得了重大进展。最近的研究证实了最初的发现,即星形胶质细胞端足Ca2+升高的激活是必不可少的步骤,但也揭示了星形胶质细胞控制神经血管耦合的新复杂性。最近的证据表明,星形胶质细胞中的Ca2+信号传导与脑组织的局部代谢状态之间存在联系,这对功能性脑成像研究的数据解释具有广泛的意义。解开星形胶质细胞控制脑血流的完整分子机制是未来几年神经生物学研究的一个艰巨挑战,这也可能为缺血性中风、高血压和偏头痛等脑血管疾病以及阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的新治疗策略的发展创造机会。
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Brain Research Reviews
Brain Research Reviews 医学-神经科学
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