Brown adipose tissue: a promising target to combat obesity.

Abstract

Obesity has now reached pandemic proportions leading to a collection of morbidities referred to as metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The expansion of adipose tissue is a direct cause of these comorbidities due to excessive accumulation of triglycerides within adipocytes, causing disruption of normal adipose function. There are two major types of adipose tissue, white and brown. The former stores energy as triglycerides within large droplets, whereas the latter catabolizes lipids to produce heat. A strategy to combat obesity-associated disorders, therefore, includes enhancement of brown adipose tissue activity by targeting the recently identified regulators of brown adipocyte development and function, including its master regulator, PRDM16.