Genome-wide epigenetic modifications in cancer.

Yoon Jung Park, Rainer Claus, Dieter Weichenhan, Christoph Plass
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引用次数: 54

Abstract

Epigenetic alterations in cancer include changes in DNA methylation and associated histone modifications that influence the chromatin states and impact gene expression patterns. Due to recent technological advantages, the scientific community is now obtaining a better picture of the genome-wide epigenetic changes that occur in a cancer genome. These epigenetic alterations are associated with chromosomal instability and changes in transcriptional control which influence the overall gene expression differences seen in many human malignancies. In this review, we will briefly summarize our current knowledge of the epigenetic patterns and mechanisms of gene regulation in healthy tissues and relate this to what is known for cancer genomes. Our focus will be on DNA methylation. We will review the current standing of technologies that have been developed over recent years. This field is experiencing a revolution in the strategies used to measure epigenetic alterations, which includes the incorporation of next generation sequencing tools. We also will review strategies that utilize epigenetic information for translational purposes, with a special emphasis on the potential use of DNA methylation marks for early disease detection and prognosis. The review will close with an outlook on challenges that this field is facing.

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癌症的全基因组表观遗传修饰。
癌症的表观遗传改变包括影响染色质状态和影响基因表达模式的DNA甲基化和相关组蛋白修饰的变化。由于最近的技术优势,科学界现在对癌症基因组中发生的全基因组表观遗传变化有了更好的了解。这些表观遗传改变与染色体不稳定性和转录控制的变化有关,这些变化影响了许多人类恶性肿瘤中所见的总体基因表达差异。在这篇综述中,我们将简要总结我们目前对健康组织中基因调控的表观遗传模式和机制的了解,并将其与已知的癌症基因组联系起来。我们的重点是DNA甲基化。我们将回顾近年来发展起来的技术的现状。该领域正在经历一场用于测量表观遗传改变的策略革命,其中包括结合下一代测序工具。我们还将回顾利用表观遗传信息用于翻译目的的策略,特别强调DNA甲基化标记在早期疾病检测和预后中的潜在应用。审查将以对该领域面临的挑战的展望结束。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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