Multiple cerebral aneurysms and brain metastasis from primary cardiac myxosarcoma: a case report and literature review.

Abstract

Primary neoplasms of the heart are rare. Malignant cardiac myxoma, or so-called myxosarcoma, accounts for about 6% of primary malignant cardiac tumors. Cerebral metastasis of malignant cardiac myxoma is extremely rare; only three cases have been reported and two of them included an autopsy study. The case described herein is the first reported brain metastasis combined with multiple cerebral aneurysms originating from primary cardiac myxosarcoma. The true incidence of cerebral myxomatous aneurysm is unknown and the pathogenesis of myxomatous aneurysm formation has not been fully defined. The current hypothesis favors that tumor materials from cardiac myxomas embolize into the vasa vasorum of the peripheral arteries and subsequently prolifere in the vessel wall. This then leads to a weakening of subintimal tissue, such as the internal elastic lamina, with subsequent aneurysm formation. The prognosis of cardiac myxosarcoma is very poor. Although malignancies most likely develop from the mesenchymal cells, they are difficult to treat with any modality (operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or transplantation) because these tumors have usually undergone extensive spread by the time the diagnosis is made.