[Diabetic retinopathy in Lubumbashi].

V Ngoie Maloba, G Chenge Borasisi, D Kaimbo wa Kaimbo, B Snyers
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of diabetic retinopathy in Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of Congo).

Methods: Descriptive survey including 369 diabetic patients examined in our department of Ophthalmology of Lubumbashi from May 2006 to March 2008. Rates of glycaemia and blood pressure were noted. All the patients had a complete ophthalmological examination including visual acuity measurement, anterior biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure and fundus examination after pupil dilation.

Results: At the time of ocular examination, the mean age of diabetic patients was 57 years (range 16 to 85) with a sex ratio of 1.2 males for 1 female. The frequency of type 1 diabetic patients was 28% and of type 2, 72%. High blood pressure was found in 42% of the patients. The frequency of diabetic patients (all forms included) was 13% and diabetes-induced blindness was 0.27%. In our study, the frequency of diabetic retinopathy increased with the patient's age and the duration of the diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy was more frequently found in adults. We did not find correlation between the level of glycaemia and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion: From our epidemiological study, diabetic retinopathy is a concern for adult public health. It requires organized screening and early treatment to prevent blindness of those diabetic patients.

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[卢本巴希的糖尿病视网膜病变]。
目的:了解刚果民主共和国卢本巴希地区糖尿病视网膜病变的发病情况。方法:对2006年5月至2008年3月在卢本巴希眼科就诊的369例糖尿病患者进行描述性调查。血糖和血压的比率被记录下来。所有患者均进行了完整的眼科检查,包括视力测量、前路生物显微镜检查、眼压检查和瞳孔扩张后眼底检查。结果:眼科检查时糖尿病患者的平均年龄为57岁(16 ~ 85岁),男女性别比为1.2男1女。1型糖尿病患者占28%,2型糖尿病患者占72%。42%的患者有高血压。糖尿病患者(包括所有形式)的发生率为13%,糖尿病致盲的发生率为0.27%。在我们的研究中,糖尿病视网膜病变的发生频率随着患者的年龄和糖尿病病程的延长而增加。糖尿病视网膜病变在成人中更为常见。我们没有发现血糖水平与糖尿病视网膜病变发生率之间的相关性。结论:从流行病学研究来看,糖尿病视网膜病变是一个值得关注的成人公共卫生问题。这需要有组织的筛查和早期治疗,以防止这些糖尿病患者失明。
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