Scene gist categorization by pigeons.

Kimberly Kirkpatrick, Tannis Bilton, Bruce C Hansen, Lester C Loschky
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

Scene gist categorization in humans is rapid, accurate, and tuned to the statistical regularities in the visual world. However, no studies have investigated whether scene gist categorization is a general process shared across species, or whether it may be influenced by species-specific adaptive specializations relying on specific low-level scene statistical regularities of the environment. Although pigeons form many types of categorical judgments, little research has examined pigeons' scene categorization, and no studies have examined pigeons' ability to do so rapidly. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to discriminate between either 2 basic-level categories (beach vs. mountain) or a superordinate-level natural versus a manmade scene category distinction (beach vs. street). The birds learned both tasks to a high degree of accuracy and transferred their discrimination to novel images. Furthermore, the pigeons successfully discriminated stimuli presented in the 0.2- to 0.35-s duration range. Therefore, pigeons, a highly divergent species from humans, are also capable of rapid scene categorization, but they require longer stimulus durations than humans. Experiment 2 examined whether pigeons make use of complex statistical regularities during scene gist categorization across multiple viewpoints. Pigeons were trained with the 2 natural categories from Experiment 1 (beach vs. mountain) with zenith (90°), bird's eye (45°), and terrestrial (0°) viewpoints. A sizable portion of the variability in pigeon categorization performance was explained by the systematic variation in scene category-specific statistical regularities, as with humans. Thus, rapid scene categorization is a process that is shared across pigeons and humans, but shows a degree of adaptive specialization.

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现场要点按鸽子分类。
人类对场景主旨的分类是快速、准确的,并且顺应了视觉世界的统计规律。然而,目前还没有研究调查场景依据分类是否是物种间共有的一般过程,或者它是否可能受到依赖于特定低水平场景环境统计规律的物种特异性适应性特化的影响。尽管鸽子形成了许多类型的分类判断,但很少有研究考察鸽子的场景分类,也没有研究考察鸽子快速分类的能力。在实验1中,鸽子被训练区分两个基本级别的类别(海滩与山)或一个高级级别的自然与人工场景类别区分(海滩与街道)。这些鸟以很高的准确度学会了这两项任务,并将它们的辨别能力转移到了新的图像上。此外,在0.2 ~ 0.35秒的持续时间范围内,鸽子能够成功地识别刺激。因此,作为与人类高度分化的物种,鸽子也具有快速场景分类的能力,但它们需要比人类更长的刺激时间。实验2考察了鸽子在多视点场景主旨分类中是否利用了复杂的统计规律。实验1中的2个自然类别(海滩vs山)训练鸽子,分别为天顶(90°)、鸟眼(45°)和陆地(0°)视点。与人类一样,鸽子分类表现的很大一部分可变性可以用场景类别特定统计规律的系统变化来解释。因此,快速场景分类是鸽子和人类共同的过程,但表现出一定程度的适应性专业化。
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>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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