Reproductive failure in moose (Alces alces) due to embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes.

Acta Theriologica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-12-15 DOI:10.1007/s13364-013-0173-6
Jonas Malmsten, Anne-Marie Dalin
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Knowledge on reproductive success is vital for successful management of large ungulates and is often measured by means of observing surviving offspring. In harvested ungulates, postmortem investigations of reproductive organs are used to estimate reproductive potential by obtaining ovulation rates and fetus numbers. However, there are differences in numbers of offspring observed, fetal/embryo counts, and ovulation rates. We hypothesize that the discrepancy between estimated reproductive potential and reproductive outcome in large ungulates is not only due to ova loss but also due to embryonic mortality. We investigated reproductive status in early pregnancy by sampling hunter-harvested moose (Alces alces) in southern Sweden from 2007 to 2011. In all, 213 reproductive organs were examined postmortem, and in confirmed pregnant moose (n = 53), 25 % (19 of 76) embryos were nonviable and 6 % of ova was unfertilized. The discrepancy between the ovulation rate of all pregnant moose (1.49) and the number of expected offspring per pregnant female, when embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes were accounted for (1.08), was 27.5 %. An association between inflammation of the inner mucous membrane (endometritis) of the moose's uterus and embryonic mortality was observed. This is the first comprehensive report of embryonic mortality and endometritis in moose. The observed discrepancy between ovulation rates and early embryonic development/survival shows that ovulation rates are indicative but not accurate estimates of moose reproductive rate. The use of ovulation rates as a sole estimator of future offspring rates may lead to an overharvest of a managed moose population.

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驼鹿(Alces Alces)由于胚胎死亡和卵母细胞未受精而导致的生殖失败。
关于繁殖成功的知识对于大型有蹄类动物的成功管理至关重要,通常通过观察幸存的后代来衡量。在收获的有蹄类动物中,死后对生殖器官的调查被用来通过获得排卵率和胎儿数量来估计生殖潜力。然而,在观察到的后代数量、胎儿/胚胎计数和排卵率方面存在差异。我们推测,在大型有蹄类动物中,估计的生殖潜力和生殖结果之间的差异不仅是由于卵子的丢失,而且是由于胚胎的死亡。从2007年到2011年,我们对瑞典南部狩猎驼鹿(Alces Alces)的妊娠早期生殖状况进行了调查。总共213个生殖器官在死后被检查,在确认怀孕的驼鹿(n = 53)中,25%(76中的19)胚胎不能存活,6%的卵子未受精。当考虑胚胎死亡率和未受精卵母细胞(1.08)时,所有怀孕驼鹿的排卵率(1.49)与每只怀孕母鹿的预期子代数之间的差异为27.5%。观察到驼鹿子宫内粘膜炎症(子宫内膜炎)与胚胎死亡率之间的联系。这是第一个关于驼鹿胚胎死亡率和子宫内膜炎的综合报告。观察到的排卵率和早期胚胎发育/存活之间的差异表明,排卵率是驼鹿繁殖率的指示性估计,但不是准确的估计。使用排卵率作为未来后代率的唯一估计可能导致管理驼鹿种群的过度捕捞。
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Acta Theriologica
Acta Theriologica 生物-动物学
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