Cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea

Pathologie-biologie Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.patbio.2014.05.015

K. Gagnon , A.-A. Baril , J.-F. Gagnon , M. Fortin , A. Décary , C. Lafond , A. Desautels , J. Montplaisir , N. Gosselin

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引用次数: 180

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterised by repetitive cessation or reduction of airflow due to upper airway obstructions. These respiratory events lead to chronic sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia. Several studies have shown that OSA is associated with daytime sleepiness and cognitive dysfunctions, characterized by impairments of attention, episodic memory, working memory, and executive functions. This paper reviews the cognitive profile of adults with OSA and discusses the relative role of altered sleep and hypoxemia in the aetiology of these cognitive deficits. Markers of cognitive dysfunctions such as those measured with waking electroencephalography and neuroimaging are also presented. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cognitive functioning and the possibility of permanent brain damage associated with OSA are also discussed. Finally, this paper reviews the evidence suggesting that OSA is a risk factor for developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia in the aging population and stresses the importance of its early diagnosis and treatment.

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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的认知障碍

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的特征是由于上呼吸道阻塞而反复停止或减少气流。这些呼吸事件导致慢性睡眠中断和间歇性低氧血症。一些研究表明，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停与白天嗜睡和认知功能障碍有关，其特征是注意力、情景记忆、工作记忆和执行功能受损。本文综述了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停成人的认知概况，并讨论了睡眠改变和低氧血症在这些认知缺陷病因学中的相对作用。认知功能障碍的标志，如那些测量醒脑电图和神经影像学也提出。持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对认知功能的影响以及与OSA相关的永久性脑损伤的可能性也进行了讨论。最后，本文综述了OSA是老年人发生轻度认知障碍和痴呆的危险因素的证据，并强调了早期诊断和治疗的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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