Population-based prevalence of high blood pressure among adults in an urban slum in Enugu, South East Nigeria

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), rapid urbanization and changing lifestyle have modified the profile and pattern of various medical disorders. Apart from high prevalence rates, recent trends with regard to hypertension in Africa include: low levels of awareness, treatment and control. Although a large number of studies provide data about hypertension in SSA, few studies focused on special populations such as urban slum dwellers. The WHO STEP-wise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases was used to access the prevalence of hypertension among adults in one of the urban slums in Enugu. Out of the 811 individuals aged 20 years and above surveyed, 774 (95.4%) cases were analyzed. About 4.7% and 2.7% reported a past history of diabetes and stroke, respectively, whereas 15% had a positive family history of hypertension. The mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) body mass index (BMI) was 23.7 (23.2–24.2) kg m−2 among males and 26.6 (25.7–26.7) kg m−2 among females (P<0.0001). The prevalence of hypertension was 52.5% (95% CI: 48.9–56.0) and 55.4% (95% CI: 49.5–61.3) in males and 50.8% (95% CI: 46.4–55.1) in females (P=0.23). It increased with age peaking at 45–54 years in females and ⩾55 years in males. About 40.1% were aware of their hypertension and 28.8% of those aware had normal blood pressure. In regression analysis, systolic (R2=0.192) and diastolic (R2=0.129) blood pressures increased with age and BMI. The prevalence of high blood pressure among adults in Enugu slums is very high and a cause for concern, and calls for urgent attention.