[Cardiac syndrome X--epidemiology, diagnostics, ethiopatoghenesis, prognosis, treatment and latest guidelines].

Abstract

Since first performed coronary angiography it was noticed that many patients with chest pain, abnormal rest electrocardiogram and positive stress test have normal result of coronary angiogram. The cause of this wasn't known. For the first time this disorder was named cardiac syndrome X by Harvey Kemp in 1973. In the new 2013 European Society of Cardiology guidelines regarding diagnosis and treatment of stable coronary artery disease, term cardiac syndrome X was substituted by "angina with normal coronary arteries". This article elaborates epidemiology, diagnostics, ethiopatoghenesis, prognosis and treatment of patients with diagnosis of term cardiac syndrome X in the light of the latest studies and guidelines.