Fabry Disease Biomarkers: Analysis of Urinary Lyso-Gb3 and Seven Related Analogs Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by the absence or reduction of the enzyme α-galactosidase A activity. Currently, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb₃) and globotriaosylceramide (Gb₃) are used as biomarkers to diagnose and monitor Fabry patients. However, recent metabolomic studies have shown that several glycosphingolipids are also elevated in biological fluids of affected patients and may be related to disease manifestations. This unit describes a multiplex methodology targeting the analysis of urinary lyso-Gb₃ and seven structurally related analogs. A solid-phase extraction process is performed, then lyso-Gb₃ and its analogs are analyzed simultaneously with an internal standard by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) system. This methodology can be useful for the diagnosis of Fabry patients, including patients with cardiac variant mutations, but also to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, considering that lyso-Gb₃ analogs are more elevated than lyso-Gb₃ itself in urine. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.