Case Report of Sarcoidosis as a Great Mimicker in Various Populations.

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of sarcoidosis varies as much as 1-40 cases per 100,000 depending on region and population. Sarcoid typically occurs in people younger than 50 years old, with a peak incidence with ages between 20 and 40 years old. African Americans are 3 times more likely to develop sarcoidosis than Caucasian Americans, and woman are more likely than men to develop sarcoidosis in any ethnic group; nonetheless, it remains a valid differential across any population.

Case: A 32 year old Hispanic man presented to the Emergency Department with night sweats, fatigue, and 35 pound unintentional weight loss over the last several weeks. He also reported a sore throat, occasional cough w/ yellowish sputum, and new onset dyspnea with exertion. He moved from Mexico to the U.S. 20 years prior and last visited the country 7 yrs ago. He never smoked and denied any TB exposure. His vitals at admit demonstrated tachycardia (pulse 108); and temperature of 99.4 ᴼF. He had coarse bilateral breath sounds on exam. Serum chemistries were unremarkable. Chest radiograph demonstrated perihilar fullness. Chest CT revealed enlarged mediastinal and perihilar LAD and airspace consolidation in right middle and lower lobes bilaterally. The patient was admitted to a negative pressure room w/ airborne precautions and RIPE therapy was initiated. PPD and AFB's were negative. He underwent bronchoscopy and was discharged on RIPE. Lung biopsy showed non-caseating granulomas. RIPE therapy was stopped, and he was referred to ophthalmology to rule out uveitis. Cultures from the procedure were negative for fungal growth, and he was started on prednisone 40 mg daily with taper 6 weeks later as his weight returned, night sweats subsided, and dyspnea on exertion improved.

Discussion: Sarcoidosis should be considered as a diagnosis in any gender of any racial or ethnic group. Sarcoid is a great mimicker of many serious illnesses including malignancies such as lymphomas, TB and atypical mycoplasma, fungal infections, and other granulomatous diseases, and other autoimmune disorders such a hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Diagnosis requires patient investigation and careful analysis of these differentials.