Reducing Cancer Burden in the Population: An Overview of Epidemiologic Evidence to Support Policies, Systems, and Environmental Changes.

IF 5.2 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Epidemiologic Reviews Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI:10.1093/epirev/mxx009
Elizabeth A Platz
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

"Reducing Cancer Burden in the Population: Epidemiologic Evidence to Support Policies, Systems, and Environmental Changes" is a compilation of 11 reviews addressing aspects of primary prevention of cancer (early life factors, vitamin D, and periodontal disease and the oral microbiome); primary and secondary prevention (in the transgender population); surveillance following secondary prevention (personalizing follow-up of patients diagnosed with an adenoma based on colorectal cancer risk); tertiary prevention (physical activity as an adjuvant to cancer treatment, measurement of patient-reported physical functioning in cancer treatment trials, and implementation of palliative care recommendations); and all 3 (changing epidemiology of oral cancers). Authors discuss policies, systems, and environment (PSE) changes that may be supported by epidemiologic evidence, for example, how existing public health and clinical policies and guidelines targeting noncancer outcomes may indirectly reduce cancer burden and how some cancer control policies could be refined to enhance effectiveness. Authors also discuss where systems and environment changes are necessary to ensure routine implementation of up-to-date, evidence-based policies and guidelines. Two other articles discuss infrastructure to support identification of existing and emerging cancer problems that could be reduced or avoided, including by PSE changes. These frameworks may guide impactful cancer research relevant to cancer centers' catchment areas, as well as cancer control efforts in countries where noncommunicable diseases including cancer are on the rise. The weight of the evidence of these reviews supports opportunities for PSE changes and infrastructure that could reduce the cancer burden in populations.

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减轻人口癌症负担:支持政策、制度和环境变化的流行病学证据综述。
“减轻人口癌症负担:支持政策、系统和环境变化的流行病学证据”汇编了11篇综述,涉及癌症一级预防的各个方面(早期生活因素、维生素D、牙周病和口腔微生物组);一级和二级预防(跨性别人群);二级预防后的监测(根据结直肠癌风险对诊断为腺瘤的患者进行个体化随访);三级预防(体育活动作为癌症治疗的辅助手段,在癌症治疗试验中测量患者报告的身体功能,以及实施姑息治疗建议);以及所有三个(口腔癌流行病学的变化)。作者讨论了可能得到流行病学证据支持的政策、系统和环境(PSE)变化,例如,针对非癌症结果的现有公共卫生和临床政策和指南如何间接减轻癌症负担,以及如何改进一些癌症控制政策以提高有效性。作者还讨论了在哪些方面需要改变制度和环境,以确保定期实施最新的、以证据为基础的政策和指南。另外两篇文章讨论了支持识别现有和新出现的癌症问题的基础设施,这些问题可以通过PSE更改来减少或避免。这些框架可以指导与癌症中心集水区相关的有影响力的癌症研究,以及在包括癌症在内的非传染性疾病呈上升趋势的国家开展癌症控制工作。这些审查的证据的重要性支持PSE变化和基础设施的机会,这些变化和基础设施可以减少人群的癌症负担。
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来源期刊
Epidemiologic Reviews
Epidemiologic Reviews 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
期刊介绍: Epidemiologic Reviews is a leading review journal in public health. Published once a year, issues collect review articles on a particular subject. Recent issues have focused on The Obesity Epidemic, Epidemiologic Research on Health Disparities, and Epidemiologic Approaches to Global Health.
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