Phenotypic plasticity and remodeling in the stress-induced Caenorhabditis elegans dauer.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2017-09-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-24 DOI:10.1002/wdev.278
Rebecca J Androwski, Kristen M Flatt, Nathan E Schroeder
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Abstract

Organisms are often capable of modifying their development to better suit their environment. Under adverse conditions, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans develops into a stress-resistant alternative larval stage called dauer. The dauer stage is the primary survival stage for C. elegans in nature. Large-scale tissue remodeling during dauer conveys resistance to harsh environments. The environmental and genetic regulation of the decision to enter dauer has been extensively studied. However, less is known about the mechanisms regulating tissue remodeling. Changes to the cuticle and suppression of feeding in dauers lead to an increased resistance to external stressors. Meanwhile reproductive development arrests during dauer while preserving the ability to reproduce once favorable environmental conditions return. Dramatic remodeling of neurons, glia, and muscles during dauer likely facilitate dauer-specific behaviors. Dauer-specific pulsation of the excretory duct likely mediates a response to osmotic stress. The power of C. elegans genetics has uncovered some of the molecular pathways regulating dauer tissue remodeling. In addition to genes that regulate single remodeling events, several mutants result in pleiotropic defects in dauer remodeling. This review details the individual aspects of morphological changes that occur during dauer formation and discusses molecular mechanisms regulating these processes. The dauer stage provides us with an excellent model for understanding phenotypic plasticity and remodeling from the individual cell to an entire animal. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e278. doi: 10.1002/wdev.278 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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应激诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫道氏体的表型可塑性和重塑。
生物通常能够改变自身的发育,以更好地适应环境。在不利条件下,线虫Caenorhabditis elegans会发育成一种抗应激的替代幼虫阶段,称为dauer。幼虫期是线虫在自然界中的主要生存阶段。幼虫期的大规模组织重塑传达了对恶劣环境的抵抗力。人们已经广泛研究了环境和基因对进入幼虫期的决定的调控。然而,人们对调节组织重塑的机制却知之甚少。在梭形幼虫体内,角质层的变化和进食的抑制增强了对外界压力的抵抗力。同时,道氏囊虫的生殖发育会停止,但一旦有利的环境条件恢复,道氏囊虫仍能保持繁殖能力。在更老期间,神经元、神经胶质细胞和肌肉的巨大重塑可能促进了更老特异性行为。排泄管的 Dauer 特异性脉动很可能是对渗透压的反应。秀丽隐杆线虫遗传学的强大功能揭示了一些调节 Dauer 组织重塑的分子途径。除了调控单个重塑事件的基因外,一些突变体还导致了多态性的Dauer重塑缺陷。本综述将详细介绍在长尾形成过程中发生的形态变化的各个环节,并讨论调控这些过程的分子机制。从单个细胞到整个动物,Dauer阶段为我们提供了一个了解表型可塑性和重塑的绝佳模型。WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e278. doi: 10.1002/wdev.278 与本文相关的更多资源,请访问 WIREs 网站。
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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