Electrophysiological analysis of synaptic transmission in Drosophila.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2017-09-01 Epub Date: 2017-05-24 DOI:10.1002/wdev.277
Maria Bykhovskaia, Alexander Vasin
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Abstract

Synaptic transmission is dynamic, plastic, and highly regulated. Drosophila is an advantageous model system for genetic and molecular studies of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms and plasticity. Electrical recordings of synaptic responses represent a wide-spread approach to study neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. We discuss experimental techniques that allow monitoring synaptic transmission in Drosophila neuromuscular and central systems. Recordings of synaptic potentials or currents at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are most common and provide numerous technical advantages due to robustness of the preparation, large and identifiable muscles, and synaptic boutons which can be readily visualized. In particular, focal macropatch recordings combined with the analysis of neurosecretory quanta enable rigorous quantification of the magnitude and kinetics of transmitter release. Patch-clamp recordings of synaptic transmission from the embryonic NMJ enable overcoming the problem of lethality in mutant lines. Recordings from the adult NMJ proved instrumental in the studies of temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants. Genetic studies of behavioral learning in Drosophila compel an investigation of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), including primary cultured neurons and an intact brain. Cholinergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission has been recorded from the Drosophila CNS both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo patch-clamp recordings of synaptic transmission from the neurons in the olfactory pathway is a very powerful approach, which has a potential to elucidate how synaptic transmission is associated with behavioral learning. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e277. doi: 10.1002/wdev.277 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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果蝇突触传递的电生理分析
突触传递具有动态性、可塑性和高度调节性。果蝇是对突触前和突触后机制及可塑性进行遗传和分子研究的有利模型系统。突触反应的电记录是研究神经元信号传导和突触传递的一种广泛方法。我们将讨论可监测果蝇神经肌肉和中枢系统突触传递的实验技术。记录幼虫神经肌肉接头(NMJ)处的突触电位或电流是最常见的方法,由于制备过程稳健、肌肉大且可辨认、突触突触子易于观察,因此具有许多技术优势。尤其是结合神经分泌量子分析的聚焦大斑块记录,可对递质释放的幅度和动力学进行严格量化。通过膜片钳记录胚胎 NMJ 的突触传递,可以克服突变株致死的问题。成年 NMJ 的记录在温度敏感性麻痹突变体的研究中发挥了重要作用。果蝇行为学习的遗传学研究要求对中枢神经系统(CNS)的突触传递进行研究,包括原始培养的神经元和完整的大脑。果蝇中枢神经系统已在体外和体内记录了胆碱能和 GABA 能突触传递。体内贴片钳记录嗅觉通路神经元的突触传递是一种非常强大的方法,有望阐明突触传递如何与行为学习相关联。WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e277. doi: 10.1002/wdev.277 与本文相关的更多资源,请访问 WIREs 网站。
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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