Son Preference and Family Limitation in Pakistan: A Parity- and Contraceptive Method-Specific Analysis.

IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q1 Social Sciences International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Pub Date : 2017-09-01 DOI:10.1363/43e4317
Melanie Dawn Channon
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Context: Son preference exerts a strong influence over contraceptive and fertility decisions in many South Asian countries. In Pakistan, where fertility remains high and contraceptive use low, research on son preference has been limited.

Methods: Data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1990-1991, 2006-2007 and 2012-2013 were used to examine potential indicators and outcomes of son preference. Descriptive analyses looked at sex composition preferences of men and women, as well as the sex ratio at last birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined parity progression by birth order, while multinomial logistic regression was used to identify associations between sex composition and use of permanent, temporary and traditional contraceptive methods.

Results: Parity progression and choice of contraceptive method are increasingly associated with the sex composition of children. Many respondents wanted at least two sons, though most also wanted at least one daughter. Analyses suggest that the prevalence of modern contraceptive use among parous women would have been 19% higher in 2012-2013 in the absence of son preference. Permanent method use was extremely low among women with no sons and increased significantly with number of sons. The association between number of sons and use of temporary methods was weaker, while son preference had little relationship with traditional method use.

Conclusions: The association of son preference with parity progression and modern contraceptive use has become stronger in Pakistan. Continuation of the fertility transition may be difficult unless the degrees of differential stopping behavior and differential contraceptive use decline.

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巴基斯坦的重男轻女和家庭限制:一项针对平价和避孕方法的具体分析。
背景:在许多南亚国家,重男轻女对避孕和生育决定有很大的影响。在巴基斯坦,生育率仍然很高,避孕药具使用率很低,关于重男轻女的研究有限。方法:利用1990-1991年、2006-2007年和2012-2013年巴基斯坦人口与健康调查的数据,研究重男轻女的潜在指标和结果。描述性分析着眼于男性和女性的性别构成偏好,以及最后出生时的性别比例。多元逻辑回归分析通过出生顺序检查胎次进展,而多项逻辑回归用于确定性别构成与使用永久、临时和传统避孕方法之间的关系。结果:胎次进展和避孕方法的选择越来越多地与儿童的性别组成有关。许多受访者想要至少两个儿子,尽管大多数人也想要至少一个女儿。分析表明,在没有重男轻女的情况下,2012-2013年育龄妇女中使用现代避孕药具的流行率将高出19%。在没有儿子的妇女中,永久性避孕方法的使用极低,并且随着儿子数量的增加而显著增加。男孩数量与临时方法使用的相关性较弱,而男孩偏好与传统方法使用的关系不大。结论:重男轻女与胎次进展和现代避孕使用的关系在巴基斯坦已经变得更强。持续的生育过渡可能是困难的,除非不同程度的停止行为和不同避孕药具的使用下降。
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