Oncolytic virotherapy in upper gastrointestinal tract cancers.

IF 6.7 Oncolytic Virotherapy Pub Date : 2018-03-23 eCollection Date: 2017-01-01 DOI:10.2147/OV.S161397
Raquel Yokoda, Bolni M Nagalo, Mansi Arora, Jan B Egan, James M Bogenberger, Thomas T DeLeon, Yumei Zhou, Daniel H Ahn, Mitesh J Borad
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies are among the most challenging cancers with regard to response to treatment and prognosis. Cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, and biliary tree have dismal 5-year survival, and very modest improvements in this rate have been made in recent times. Oncolytic viruses are being developed to address these malignancies, with a focus on high safety profiles and low off-target toxicities. Each viral platform has evolved to enhance oncolytic potency and the clinical response to either single-agent viral therapy or combined viral treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A panel of genomic alterations, chimeric proteins, and pseudotyped capsids are the breakthroughs for vector success. This article revisits developments for each viral platform to each tumor type, in an attempt to achieve maximum tumor selectivity. From the bench to clinical trials, the scope of this review is to highlight the beginnings of translational oncolytic virotherapy research in upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies and provide a bioengineering perspective of the most promising platforms.
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上消化道肿瘤的溶瘤病毒治疗。
就治疗反应和预后而言,上胃肠道恶性肿瘤是最具挑战性的癌症之一。食道癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、肝癌和胆道癌的5年生存率很低,近年来生存率略有提高。正在开发溶瘤病毒来治疗这些恶性肿瘤,重点是高安全性和低脱靶毒性。每种病毒平台都在不断发展,以增强溶瘤效力和对单药病毒治疗或病毒联合放疗和化疗的临床反应。一组基因组改变、嵌合蛋白和假型衣壳是载体成功的突破。本文回顾了针对每种肿瘤类型的每种病毒平台的发展,试图实现最大的肿瘤选择性。从实验室到临床试验,本综述的范围是强调上胃肠道恶性肿瘤的转化溶瘤病毒治疗研究的开始,并提供最有前途的生物工程平台的观点。
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