Influence of Culture in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Its Treatment.

Humberto Nicolini, Rafael Salin-Pascual, Brenda Cabrera, Nuria Lanzagorta
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Abstract

Background: The aspects of cultural identity and its impact on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been un-derstudied. There are different opinions, ranging from the idea that culture does not affect the symptoms of this condition to the idea that cultures with high religiosity may have more severity of OCD. Also, the concept of OCD has considerably var-ied across history and cultures, from being considered an issue related to lack of control of blasphemous ideas, and a part of anxious issues, to the description of complex neurobiological systems in its causation.

Objective: The aim of this review was to address OCD as a well-characterized disorder with a proposed neurobiological ba-sis which may or may not have variations depending on cultural diversity. The question that was asked in this review is whether or not there are cultural differences in the manifestations of the OCD symptomatology and which factors of cultural diversity have a major influence on such manifestations along with the differences among some cultures regarding OCD is-sues, where the difference among countries has also been highlighted.

Methods: A review of the literature was conducted that includes the following words: obsessive-compulsive disorder, cul-ture, cultural identity and religion in a period of 10 years.

Conclusion: Cultural variations do not seem to differ from symptomatic clusters of OCD, which may be indicating that a se-ries of adaptive behaviors is evolutionarily evolving to be constantly altered, perhaps by well-determined pathophysiological mechanisms. Some aspects that have been related to some dimensions of OCD symptomatology are religion and religiosity, affecting the content of obsessions and the severity of manifestations. Properly evaluating the education background, access to health services, food, and the genetic structure of populations, using investigational instruments sensitive to these cultural elements, will increase our understanding of the importance of culture on OCD and its treatment.

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文化对强迫症及其治疗的影响。
背景:文化认同及其对强迫症(OCD)的影响一直未得到深入研究。众说纷纭,有的认为文化不会影响强迫症的症状,有的则认为宗教信仰高的文化可能会导致强迫症更加严重。此外,强迫症的概念在不同的历史和文化背景下也有很大的不同,从被认为是与缺乏对亵渎思想的控制有关的问题和焦虑问题的一部分,到对其成因中复杂的神经生物学系统的描述:本综述旨在探讨强迫症作为一种特征明确的疾病,其神经生物学原理可能因文化多样性而有所不同,也可能不尽相同。本综述提出的问题是,强迫症症状的表现是否存在文化差异,文化多样性的哪些因素对这些表现有重大影响,以及某些文化在强迫症症状方面的差异,其中还强调了国家之间的差异:方法:对 10 年间的文献进行了回顾,其中包括以下词汇:强迫症、文化、文化认同和宗教:文化差异似乎与强迫症的症状群并无不同,这可能表明适应性行为在进化过程中不断发生变化,也许是由明确的病理生理机制决定的。宗教和宗教信仰与强迫症症状的某些方面有关,会影响强迫症的内容和表现的严重程度。使用对这些文化元素敏感的调查工具,对教育背景、获得医疗服务的机会、食物和人口的遗传结构进行适当评估,将提高我们对文化对强迫症及其治疗的重要性的认识。
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期刊介绍: Current Psychiatry Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on clinical psychiatry and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy. The journal’s aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all clinicians, psychiatrists and researchers in psychiatry.
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