Assessment of gingival phenotype through periodontal and crown characteristics: a cluster analysis.

Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology Pub Date : 2020-01-01

Lidya Nara Marques de Araújo, Samuel Batista Borges, Matheus Targino Dos Santos, Kênio Costa Lima, Bruno César de Vasconcelos Gurgel

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Abstract

Objective: To evaluate gingival phenotypes in 100 subjects (n = 100), with regard to maxillary central incisors and surrounding periodontium in an observational diagnostic study.

Materials and methods: Individuals were grouped based on: Probing depth (PD); keratinized mucosa (KM); Ratio Height/Width Crown (CH/CW), papilla area (PA), gingival thickness (GT) and Gingival Volume (GV). ANOVA and chi-square tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. Results: PD (p=0.860) and CH/CW (p=0.086) were not statistically significant. Cluster analysis identified three groups: Cluster I (n = 32) had the lowest values: KM (4.54mm), GT (0.83mm), PA (15.64mm²) and GV (3.80mm³); Cluster II (n = 43) presented KM (8.02mm); GT (1.40mm); GV (11.18mm³) and PA (14.10mm²); Cluster III (n = 19) exhibited an average KM of 5.57mm, GT (1.14mm), PA (20.08mm²) and GV (6.48mm³).

Results: Cluster I was characterized as a thin phenotype; cluster II as thick, and cluster III, as an intermediate. Significant associations were found when transparency on probing was compared among clusters (p less than 0.05) and gingival exposure when smiling (p less than 0.05).

Conclusion: Thin phenotype was found in 34.04% of the sample (cluster I), thick phenotype in 45.75% (cluster II) and intermediate phenotype in 20.21% (Cluster III)..

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通过牙周和牙冠特征评估牙龈表型:聚类分析。

目的:在一项观察性诊断研究中，评估100名受试者(n = 100)关于上颌中切牙和周围牙周组织的牙龈表型。材料与方法:根据:探测深度(PD)分组;角质化黏膜(KM);冠高/冠宽比值(CH/CW)、乳突面积(PA)、牙龈厚度(GT)、牙龈体积(GV)。方差分析和卡方检验，显著性水平为5%。结果:PD (p=0.860)、CH/CW (p=0.086)无统计学意义。聚类分析发现:聚类I (n = 32)最小:KM (4.54mm)、GT (0.83mm)、PA (15.64mm²)和GV (3.80mm³);集群II (n = 43)为KM (8.02mm);GT(1.40毫米);GV (11.18mm³)和PA (14.10mm²);群集III (n = 19)的平均KM为5.57mm, GT为1.14mm, PA为20.08mm²，GV为6.48mm³。结果:集群I表现为薄表型;第二团是厚的，第三团是中间体。当簇间比较探探的透明度(p < 0.05)和微笑时牙龈暴露(p < 0.05)时，发现显著相关。结论:薄表型占34.04%(集群I)，厚表型占45.75%(集群II)，中间表型占20.21%(集群III)。

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Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology

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