{"title":"Fatty acids - from energy substrates to key regulators of cell survival, proliferation and effector function.","authors":"Danilo Cucchi, Dolores Camacho-Muñoz, Michelangelo Certo, Valentina Pucino, Anna Nicolaou, Claudio Mauro","doi":"10.15698/cst2020.01.209","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in immunology and cancer research show that fatty acids, their metabolism and their sensing have a crucial role in the biology of many different cell types. Indeed, they are able to affect cellular behaviour with great implications for pathophysiology. Both the catabolic and anabolic pathways of fatty acids present us with a number of enzymes, receptors and agonists/antagonists that are potential therapeutic targets, some of which have already been successfully pursued. Fatty acids can affect the differentiation of immune cells, particularly T cells, as well as their activation and function, with important consequences for the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory signals in immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular conditions. In the context of cancer biology, fatty acids mainly provide substrates for energy production, which is of crucial importance to meet the energy demands of these highly proliferating cells. Fatty acids can also be involved in a broader transcriptional programme as they trigger signals necessary for tumorigenesis and can confer to cancer cells the ability to migrate and generate distant metastasis. For these reasons, the study of fatty acids represents a new research direction that can generate detailed insight and provide novel tools for the understanding of immune and cancer cell biology, and, more importantly, support the development of novel, efficient and fine-tuned clinical interventions. Here, we review the recent literature focusing on the involvement of fatty acids in the biology of immune cells, with emphasis on T cells, and cancer cells, from sensing and binding, to metabolism and downstream effects in cell signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":36371,"journal":{"name":"Cell Stress","volume":"4 1","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6946016/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cell Stress","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2020.01.209","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Recent advances in immunology and cancer research show that fatty acids, their metabolism and their sensing have a crucial role in the biology of many different cell types. Indeed, they are able to affect cellular behaviour with great implications for pathophysiology. Both the catabolic and anabolic pathways of fatty acids present us with a number of enzymes, receptors and agonists/antagonists that are potential therapeutic targets, some of which have already been successfully pursued. Fatty acids can affect the differentiation of immune cells, particularly T cells, as well as their activation and function, with important consequences for the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory signals in immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular conditions. In the context of cancer biology, fatty acids mainly provide substrates for energy production, which is of crucial importance to meet the energy demands of these highly proliferating cells. Fatty acids can also be involved in a broader transcriptional programme as they trigger signals necessary for tumorigenesis and can confer to cancer cells the ability to migrate and generate distant metastasis. For these reasons, the study of fatty acids represents a new research direction that can generate detailed insight and provide novel tools for the understanding of immune and cancer cell biology, and, more importantly, support the development of novel, efficient and fine-tuned clinical interventions. Here, we review the recent literature focusing on the involvement of fatty acids in the biology of immune cells, with emphasis on T cells, and cancer cells, from sensing and binding, to metabolism and downstream effects in cell signalling.
免疫学和癌症研究的最新进展表明,脂肪酸及其新陈代谢和感应在许多不同类型细胞的生物学中起着至关重要的作用。事实上,它们能够影响细胞的行为,对病理生理学产生重大影响。脂肪酸的分解代谢和合成代谢途径为我们提供了许多酶、受体和激动剂/拮抗剂,它们都是潜在的治疗目标,其中一些已被成功开发。脂肪酸可影响免疫细胞(尤其是 T 细胞)的分化及其活化和功能,对免疫疾病(如类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣、糖尿病、肥胖症和心血管疾病)中抗炎和促炎信号之间的平衡产生重要影响。在癌症生物学方面,脂肪酸主要为能量生产提供底物,这对于满足这些高度增殖细胞的能量需求至关重要。脂肪酸还可参与更广泛的转录程序,因为它们会触发肿瘤发生所需的信号,并赋予癌细胞迁移和远处转移的能力。由于这些原因,脂肪酸研究代表了一个新的研究方向,它能为了解免疫和癌细胞生物学提供详细的见解和新的工具,更重要的是,它能支持开发新型、高效和微调的临床干预措施。在此,我们回顾了近期有关脂肪酸参与免疫细胞(重点是 T 细胞)和癌细胞生物学的文献,包括从传感和结合到新陈代谢以及细胞信号的下游效应。
Cell StressBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
13.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍:
Cell Stress is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal that is dedicated to publishing highly relevant research in the field of cellular pathology. The journal focuses on advancing our understanding of the molecular, mechanistic, phenotypic, and other critical aspects that underpin cellular dysfunction and disease. It specifically aims to foster cell biology research that is applicable to a range of significant human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, myopathies, mitochondriopathies, infectious diseases, cancer, and pathological aging.
The scope of Cell Stress is broad, welcoming submissions that represent a spectrum of research from fundamental to translational and clinical studies. The journal is a valuable resource for scientists, educators, and policymakers worldwide, as well as for any individual with an interest in cellular pathology. It serves as a platform for the dissemination of research findings that are instrumental in the investigation, classification, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of major diseases. By being open-access, Cell Stress ensures that its content is freely available to a global audience, thereby promoting international scientific collaboration and accelerating the exchange of knowledge within the research community.