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{"title":"Assaying Fear Memory Discrimination and Generalization: Methods and Concepts","authors":"Hadley C. Bergstrom","doi":"10.1002/cpns.89","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Generalization describes the transfer of conditioned responding to stimuli that perceptually differ from the original conditioned stimulus. One arena in which discriminant and generalized responding is of particular relevance is when stimuli signal the potential for harm. Aversive (fear) conditioning is a leading behavioral model for studying associative learning and memory processes related to threatening stimuli. This article describes a step-by-step protocol for studying discrimination and generalization using cued fear conditioning in rodents. Alternate conditioning paradigms, including context generalization, differential generalization, discrimination training, and safety learning, are also described. The protocol contains instructions for constructing a cued fear memory generalization gradient and methods for isolating discrete cued-from-context cued conditioned responses (i.e., “the baseline issue”). The preclinical study of generalization is highly pertinent in the context of fear learning and memory because a lack of fear discrimination (overgeneralization) likely contributes to the etiology of anxiety-related disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p><p><b>Basic Protocol 1</b>: Tone cued fear generalization gradient</p><p><b>Basic Protocol 2</b>: Quantification of freezing</p><p><b>Support Protocol</b>: Alternate conditioning paradigms</p>","PeriodicalId":40016,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpns.89","citationCount":"9","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Protocols in Neuroscience","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpns.89","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Neuroscience","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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Abstract
Generalization describes the transfer of conditioned responding to stimuli that perceptually differ from the original conditioned stimulus. One arena in which discriminant and generalized responding is of particular relevance is when stimuli signal the potential for harm. Aversive (fear) conditioning is a leading behavioral model for studying associative learning and memory processes related to threatening stimuli. This article describes a step-by-step protocol for studying discrimination and generalization using cued fear conditioning in rodents. Alternate conditioning paradigms, including context generalization, differential generalization, discrimination training, and safety learning, are also described. The protocol contains instructions for constructing a cued fear memory generalization gradient and methods for isolating discrete cued-from-context cued conditioned responses (i.e., “the baseline issue”). The preclinical study of generalization is highly pertinent in the context of fear learning and memory because a lack of fear discrimination (overgeneralization) likely contributes to the etiology of anxiety-related disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic Protocol 1 : Tone cued fear generalization gradient
Basic Protocol 2 : Quantification of freezing
Support Protocol : Alternate conditioning paradigms
分析恐惧记忆、辨析与概化:方法与概念
泛化描述了对知觉上不同于原始条件刺激的条件反应的转移。区别性和广义反应特别相关的一个领域是当刺激发出潜在伤害的信号时。厌恶(恐惧)条件反射是研究与威胁刺激相关的联想学习和记忆过程的主要行为模型。本文描述了一个循序渐进的协议,研究歧视和概括使用暗示恐惧条件在啮齿动物。本文还描述了其他条件作用范式,包括情境概括、差异概括、辨别训练和安全学习。该协议包含构建线索恐惧记忆泛化梯度的说明和分离离散线索-情境线索条件反应(即“基线问题”)的方法。泛化的临床前研究在恐惧学习和记忆的背景下是高度相关的,因为缺乏恐惧辨别(过度泛化)可能是焦虑相关障碍和创伤后应激障碍的病因。©2020 by John Wiley &基本协议1:音调提示的恐惧泛化梯度;基本协议2:冻结的量化;支持协议:交替条件反射范式
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