The biological potential of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray 1834) as an invasive species in Europe-new risks for disease spread?

Acta Theriologica Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-10 DOI:10.1007/s13364-013-0138-9
Astrid Sutor, Sabine Schwarz, Franz Josef Conraths
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Abstract

Invasive wildlife species have the potential to act as additional host and vector species for infectious diseases. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonides), a carnivore species that has its origin in Asia, was taken as an example to demonstrate biological and ecological prerequisites which enables an invasive species to occupy a new habitat permanently. Studies conducted during the last 20 years identified a total of 35 species of endoparasites, five ectoparasites, six bacterial or protozoan species, and five viruses found in the subspecies Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis in its original and newly occupied habitat or in Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis in its original habitat, respectively. With reference to raccoon dogs impact as vector species and the relevance for human and animal health, we selected Trichinella spp., Echinococcus multilocularis, Francisella tularensis, rabies virus, and canine distemper virus for detailed description. Results of studies from Finland and Germany furthermore showed that biological characteristics of the raccoon dog make this carnivore an ideal host and vector for a variety of pathogens. This may result in a growing importance of this invasive species concerning the epidemiology of some transmissible diseases in Europe, including the hazard that the existence of autochthonous wildlife, particularly small populations, is endangered. Potential adverse effects on human and animal health in the livestock sector must also be taken into account. Especially with regard to its potential as a reservoir for zoonotic diseases, the raccoon dog should receive more attention in disease prevention and eradication strategies.

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浣熊犬(Nyctereutes procyonoides,Gray 1834)作为欧洲入侵物种的生物潜力--疾病传播的新风险?
入侵野生生物物种有可能成为传染病的额外宿主和病媒物种。我们以浣熊犬(Nyctereutes procyonides)这一起源于亚洲的食肉动物物种为例,说明入侵物种永久占据新栖息地的生物和生态先决条件。在过去 20 年中进行的研究发现,在 Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis 亚种的原栖息地和新栖息地或 Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis 亚种的原栖息地分别发现了 35 种内寄生虫、5 种外寄生虫、6 种细菌或原生动物和 5 种病毒。考虑到浣熊犬作为病媒物种的影响以及与人类和动物健康的相关性,我们选择了毛滴虫属、多形棘球蚴、土拉弗氏菌、狂犬病毒和犬瘟热病毒进行详细描述。芬兰和德国的研究结果进一步表明,浣熊犬的生物特性使这种食肉动物成为各种病原体的理想宿主和载体。这可能会导致这种入侵物种在欧洲某些传染病流行病学中的重要性日益增加,包括危及本土野生动物(尤其是小种群)的生存。此外,还必须考虑到对人类和畜牧业动物健康的潜在不利影响。特别是考虑到浣熊犬作为人畜共患疾病贮藏库的潜力,浣熊犬在疾病预防和根除战略中应得到更多关注。
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Acta Theriologica
Acta Theriologica 生物-动物学
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