Network-regulated organ allometry: The developmental regulation of morphological scaling.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2021-05-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-21 DOI:10.1002/wdev.391
Isabelle M Vea, Alexander W Shingleton
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Morphological scaling relationships, or allometries, describe how traits grow coordinately and covary among individuals in a population. The developmental regulation of scaling is essential to generate correctly proportioned adults across a range of body sizes, while the mis-regulation of scaling may result in congenital birth defects. Research over several decades has identified the developmental mechanisms that regulate the size of individual traits. Nevertheless, we still have poor understanding of how these mechanisms work together to generate correlated size variation among traits in response to environmental and genetic variation. Conceptually, morphological scaling can be generated by size-regulatory factors that act directly on multiple growing traits (trait-autonomous scaling), or indirectly via hormones produced by central endocrine organs (systemically regulated scaling), and there are a number of well-established examples of such mechanisms. There is much less evidence, however, that genetic and environmental variation actually acts on these mechanisms to generate morphological scaling in natural populations. More recent studies indicate that growing organs can themselves regulate the growth of other organs in the body. This suggests that covariation in trait size can be generated by network-regulated scaling mechanisms that respond to changes in the growth of individual traits. Testing this hypothesis, and one of the main challenges of understanding morphological scaling, requires connecting mechanisms elucidated in the laboratory with patterns of scaling observed in the natural world. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.

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网络调节的器官异速发育:形态缩放的发育调节。
形态尺度关系,或异速生长,描述了种群中个体之间的性状如何协调和协变。发育调节的尺度是必要的,以产生正确比例的成人在各种体型范围内,而尺度调节不当可能导致先天性出生缺陷。几十年来的研究已经确定了调节个体特征大小的发育机制。然而,我们对这些机制如何共同作用以产生性状之间的相关大小变化以响应环境和遗传变异的理解仍然很差。从概念上讲,形态结垢可以由直接作用于多种生长性状的大小调节因子(性状自主结垢)产生,也可以通过中枢内分泌器官产生的激素(系统调节结垢)间接产生,并且有许多这种机制的成熟例子。然而,很少有证据表明,遗传和环境变化实际上作用于这些机制,在自然种群中产生形态尺度。最近的研究表明,正在生长的器官本身可以调节体内其他器官的生长。这表明,性状大小的共变可能是由响应个体性状生长变化的网络调节的尺度机制产生的。验证这一假设,以及理解形态结垢的主要挑战之一,需要将实验室中阐明的机制与自然世界中观察到的结垢模式联系起来。本文分类为:时空格局的建立>发育与进化的大小、比例和时间调控>物种间器官系统比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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期刊介绍: Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.
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