Copper and zinc generated by the Aquascape IonGen pond clarifier system can be detrimental to koi (Cyprinus carpio) health.

IF 1.3 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary Record Open Pub Date : 2020-08-11 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI:10.1136/vetreco-2020-000396
Emily Tucker, Jamie Gerlach, Azais Curtean, Kent Passingham, Lisa Murphy, Gregory Lewbart
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Abstract

Background: Copper is frequently used as an algicide, and copper ion generators such as the Aquascape IonGen claim to be safe for use in systems containing fish. In 2012, a die-off of koi (Cyprinus carpio) in a pond in Raleigh, North Carolina, occurred after the IonGen was added to the system.

Methods: Physical and postmortem examinations suggested that heavy metal toxicity was the likely cause of morbidity and mortality. This was supported by a heavy metal screening of the owners' pond. Additional experiments were performed to determine if the IonGen produced toxic levels of copper and zinc.

Results: The tank containing the IonGen had higher concentrations of copper and zinc, and copper levels exceeded those associated with toxicity in both hard and soft water.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ion generators might not be safe for fish, and copper should only be used as an algicide if concentrations are closely monitored.

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水景离子池澄清系统产生的铜和锌可能对锦鲤(鲤)的健康有害。
背景:铜经常被用作杀藻剂,铜离子发生器(如Aquascape IonGen)声称在含有鱼类的系统中使用是安全的。2012年,北卡罗来纳州罗利的一个池塘里的锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio)在IonGen被添加到系统后死亡。方法:尸检和体格检查表明,重金属中毒可能是其发病和死亡的原因。这是由业主池塘的重金属筛选支持。为了确定离子是否会产生有毒的铜和锌,还进行了额外的实验。结果:IonGen池中铜和锌的浓度较高,在硬水和软水中,铜的浓度均超过了与毒性有关的水平。结论:本研究结果表明,离子发生器可能对鱼类不安全,铜只能在密切监测浓度的情况下作为杀藻剂使用。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Record Open
Veterinary Record Open VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Veterinary Record Open is a journal dedicated to publishing specialist veterinary research across a range of topic areas including those of a more niche and specialist nature to that considered in the weekly Vet Record. Research from all disciplines of veterinary interest will be considered. It is an Open Access journal of the British Veterinary Association.
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