Biology and function of exo-polysaccharides from human fungal pathogens.

IF 3.1 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Current Clinical Microbiology Reports Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-17 DOI:10.1007/s40588-020-00137-5

Krystal Y Chung, Jessica C S Brown

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Purpose of review: Environmental fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus must survive many different and changing environments as they transition from their environmental niches to human lungs and other organs. Fungi alter their cell surfaces and secreted macromolecules to respond to and manipulate their surroundings.

Recent findings: This review focuses on exo-polysaccharides, chains of sugars that transported out of the cell and spread to the local environment. Major exo-polysaccharides for C. neoformans and A. fumigatus are glucuronylxylomannan (GXM) and galactosaminogalactan (GAG), respectively, which accumulate at high concentrations in growth medium and infected patients.

Summary: Here we discuss GXM and GAG synthesis and export, their immunomodulatory properties, and their roles in biofilm formation. We also propose areas of future research to address outstanding questions in the field that could facilitate development of new disease treatments.

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人真菌病原菌外多糖的生物学和功能。

综述目的:环境真菌，如新型隐球菌和烟曲霉，必须在许多不同的和不断变化的环境中生存，因为它们从环境生态位过渡到人体肺部和其他器官。真菌改变它们的细胞表面并分泌大分子来应对和操纵它们的环境。最近的发现:这篇综述的重点是外多糖，糖链运输出细胞并扩散到局部环境。C. neoformans和A. fumigatus的主要外多糖分别是glucuronyl木甘露聚糖(GXM)和半乳糖胺半乳聚糖(GAG)，它们在生长培养基和感染患者中以高浓度积累。摘要:本文讨论了GXM和GAG的合成和输出、免疫调节特性及其在生物膜形成中的作用。我们还提出了未来的研究领域，以解决该领域的悬而未决的问题，从而促进新的疾病治疗方法的发展。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Clinical Microbiology Reports MICROBIOLOGY-

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

1.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Clinical Microbiology Reports commissions expert reviews from leading scientists at the forefront of research in microbiology. The journal covers this broad field by dividing it into four key main areas of study: virology, bacteriology, parasitology, and mycology. Within each of the four sections, experts from around the world address important aspects of clinical microbiology such as immunology, diagnostics, therapeutics, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, and vaccines. Some of the world’s foremost authorities in the field of microbiology serve as section editors and editorial board members. Section editors select topics for which leading researchers are invited to contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, which are highlighted in annotated reference lists. These timely reviews of the literature examine the latest scientific discoveries and controversies as they emerge and are indispensable to both researchers and clinicians. The editorial board, composed of more than 20 internationally diverse members, reviews the annual table of contents, ensures that topics address all aspects of emerging research, and where applicable suggests topics of critical importance to various countries/regions.