{"title":"Detection and Diagnostic Utilization of Cellular and Cell-Free Tumor DNA.","authors":"Jonathan C Dudley, Maximilian Diehn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032604","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic mutations, mutant DNA released by tumors can be used as a highly specific biomarker for cancer. Although this principle was described decades ago, the advent and falling costs of next-generation sequencing have made the use of tumor DNA as a biomarker increasingly practical. This review surveys the use of cellular and cell-free DNA for the detection of cancer, with a focus on recent technological developments and applications to solid tumors. It covers (<i>a</i>) key principles and technology enabling the highly sensitive detection of tumor DNA; (<i>b</i>) assessment of tumor DNA in plasma, including for genotyping, minimal residual disease detection, and early detection of localized cancer; (<i>c</i>) detection of tumor DNA in body cavity fluids, such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid; and (<i>d</i>) challenges posed to the use of tumor DNA as a biomarker by the phenomenon of benign clonal expansions.</p>","PeriodicalId":50753,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":28.4000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032604","citationCount":"14","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032604","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2020/11/23 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PATHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Abstract
Because cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic mutations, mutant DNA released by tumors can be used as a highly specific biomarker for cancer. Although this principle was described decades ago, the advent and falling costs of next-generation sequencing have made the use of tumor DNA as a biomarker increasingly practical. This review surveys the use of cellular and cell-free DNA for the detection of cancer, with a focus on recent technological developments and applications to solid tumors. It covers (a) key principles and technology enabling the highly sensitive detection of tumor DNA; (b) assessment of tumor DNA in plasma, including for genotyping, minimal residual disease detection, and early detection of localized cancer; (c) detection of tumor DNA in body cavity fluids, such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid; and (d) challenges posed to the use of tumor DNA as a biomarker by the phenomenon of benign clonal expansions.
期刊介绍:
The Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease is a scholarly journal that has been published since 2006. Its primary focus is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in our knowledge of the causes and development of significant human diseases. The journal places particular emphasis on exploring the current and evolving concepts of disease pathogenesis, as well as the molecular genetic and morphological changes associated with various diseases. Additionally, the journal addresses the clinical significance of these findings.
In order to increase accessibility and promote the broad dissemination of research, the current volume of the journal has transitioned from a gated subscription model to an open access format. This change has been made possible through the Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, which allows all articles published in this volume to be freely accessible to readers. As part of this transition, all articles in the journal are published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which encourages open sharing and use of the research.