{"title":"Potential Adverse Effects of Female and Male Obesity on Fertility: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Mina Amiri, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani","doi":"10.5812/ijem.101776","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Despite several studies documenting that obesity affects female and male fertility and leads to multiple adverse reproductive outcomes, the mechanisms involved are not elucidated. We aimed to summarize the potential adverse effects of female and male obesity, as well as the impact of weight loss on their fertility status.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>This review summarizes papers investigating the potential adverse effects of female and male obesity and the impact of weight-loss interventions on fertility among reproductive age populations. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for retrieving studies published up to November 2019 on obesity/overweight among reproductive age populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review of 68 studies revealed that female and male obesity/overweight increases the risk of sub-fecundity and infertility. The destructive effects of female obesity on reproduction are attributed to a variety of ovarian and extra-ovarian factors. In women with overweight or obesity, the time taken to conceive is longer, and they have a decreased fertility rate, increased requirement for gonadotropins, and higher miscarriage rate when compared to those with normal weight. Male obesity may lead to subfertility, mainly because of the disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, increased testicular temperature, impairment of the physical and molecular structure of sperm, decreased sperm quality, and erectile dysfunction due to peripheral vascular disease. Most studies recommend lifestyle interventions as first-line therapy in the general population of women and men with obesity and infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows the negative effects of female and male overweight and obesity on fertility. Therefore, educational interventions on the adverse effects of obesity and the benefits of weight reduction, such as increasing pregnancy rate, should be considered for couples seeking fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/98/ijem-18-3-101776.PMC7695350.pdf","citationCount":"27","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.101776","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2020/7/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Abstract
Context: Despite several studies documenting that obesity affects female and male fertility and leads to multiple adverse reproductive outcomes, the mechanisms involved are not elucidated. We aimed to summarize the potential adverse effects of female and male obesity, as well as the impact of weight loss on their fertility status.
Evidence acquisition: This review summarizes papers investigating the potential adverse effects of female and male obesity and the impact of weight-loss interventions on fertility among reproductive age populations. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for retrieving studies published up to November 2019 on obesity/overweight among reproductive age populations.
Results: The review of 68 studies revealed that female and male obesity/overweight increases the risk of sub-fecundity and infertility. The destructive effects of female obesity on reproduction are attributed to a variety of ovarian and extra-ovarian factors. In women with overweight or obesity, the time taken to conceive is longer, and they have a decreased fertility rate, increased requirement for gonadotropins, and higher miscarriage rate when compared to those with normal weight. Male obesity may lead to subfertility, mainly because of the disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, increased testicular temperature, impairment of the physical and molecular structure of sperm, decreased sperm quality, and erectile dysfunction due to peripheral vascular disease. Most studies recommend lifestyle interventions as first-line therapy in the general population of women and men with obesity and infertility.
Conclusions: This study shows the negative effects of female and male overweight and obesity on fertility. Therefore, educational interventions on the adverse effects of obesity and the benefits of weight reduction, such as increasing pregnancy rate, should be considered for couples seeking fertility.
背景:尽管有几项研究表明肥胖会影响女性和男性的生育能力，并导致多种不良的生殖结果，但其机制尚未阐明。我们的目的是总结女性和男性肥胖的潜在不良影响，以及减肥对其生育状况的影响。证据获取:本综述综述了研究女性和男性肥胖的潜在不良影响以及减肥干预对育龄人群生育能力影响的论文。检索了PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库，检索了截至2019年11月发表的关于育龄人群肥胖/超重的研究。结果:对68项研究的回顾显示，女性和男性肥胖/超重会增加生育能力低下和不孕的风险。女性肥胖对生殖的破坏性影响归因于各种卵巢和卵巢外因素。与体重正常的女性相比，超重或肥胖的女性怀孕所需的时间更长，而且她们的生育率下降，对促性腺激素的需求增加，流产率更高。男性肥胖可导致低生育能力，主要原因是下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG)轴被破坏，睾丸温度升高，精子物理和分子结构受损，精子质量下降，以及周围血管疾病引起的勃起功能障碍。大多数研究建议将生活方式干预作为普通人群中肥胖和不孕症患者的一线治疗方法。结论:本研究显示了女性和男性超重和肥胖对生育能力的负面影响。因此，对于寻求生育的夫妇，应考虑对肥胖的不良影响和减肥的好处进行教育干预，例如增加怀孕率。
期刊介绍：
The aim of the International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (IJEM) is to increase knowledge, stimulate research in the field of endocrinology, and promote better management of patients with endocrinological disorders. To achieve this goal, the journal publishes original research papers on human, animal and cell culture studies relevant to endocrinology.
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