Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: What Can It Tell Us?

IF 3.1 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY Eye and Brain Pub Date : 2021-01-08 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI:10.2147/EB.S235238
Ailin Song, Nicholas Johnson, Alexandria Ayala, Atalie C Thompson
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引用次数: 24

Abstract

Purpose: Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia worldwide, its clinical diagnosis remains a challenge. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT with angiography (OCTA) are non-invasive ophthalmic imaging tools with the potential to detect retinal structural and microvascular changes in patients with AD, which may serve as biomarkers for the disease. In this systematic review, we evaluate whether certain OCT and OCTA parameters are significantly associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: PubMed database was searched using a combination of MeSH terms to identify studies for review. Studies were organized by participant diagnostic groups, type of imaging modality, and OCT/OCTA parameters of interest. Participant demographic data was also collected and baseline descriptive statistics were calculated for the included studies.

Results: Seventy-one studies were included for review, representing a total of 6757 patients (2350 AD, 793 MCI, 2902 healthy controls (HC), and 841 others with a range of other neurodegenerative diagnoses). The mean baseline ages were 72.78±3.69, 71.52±2.88, 70.55±3.85 years for AD, MCI and HC groups, respectively. The majority of studies noted significant structural and functional decline in AD patients when compared to HC. Although analysis of MCI groups yielded more mixed results, a similar pattern of decline was often noted amongst patients with MCI relative to HC. OCT and OCTA measurements were also shown to correlate with established measures of AD such as neuropsychological testing or neuroimaging.

Conclusion: OCT and OCTA show great potential as non-invasive technologies for the diagnosis of AD. However, further research is needed to determine whether there are AD-specific patterns of structural or microvascular change in the retina and optic nerve that distinguish AD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Development of sensitive and specific OCT/OCTA parameters will be necessary before they can be used to detect AD in clinical settings.

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阿尔茨海默病患者的光学相干断层扫描:它能告诉我们什么?
目的:虽然阿尔茨海默病(AD)是世界范围内痴呆症的主要原因,但其临床诊断仍然是一个挑战。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和OCT血管造影(OCTA)是一种非侵入性眼科成像工具,具有检测AD患者视网膜结构和微血管变化的潜力,可作为该疾病的生物标志物。在这篇系统综述中,我们评估了某些OCT和OCTA参数是否与AD和轻度认知障碍(MCI)显著相关。方法:使用MeSH术语组合检索PubMed数据库,以确定需要审查的研究。研究按参与者诊断组、成像方式类型和感兴趣的OCT/OCTA参数进行组织。还收集了参与者的人口统计数据,并计算了纳入研究的基线描述性统计。结果:纳入71项研究,共6757例患者(2350例AD, 793例MCI, 2902例健康对照(HC)和841例其他神经退行性诊断)。AD组、MCI组和HC组的平均基线年龄分别为72.78±3.69岁、71.52±2.88岁、70.55±3.85岁。大多数研究表明,与HC相比,AD患者的结构和功能明显下降。虽然对轻度认知损伤组的分析得出的结果比较复杂,但在轻度认知损伤患者中,与HC患者相比,出现了相似的下降模式。OCT和OCTA测量也被证明与阿尔茨海默病的既定测量方法相关,如神经心理测试或神经影像学。结论:OCT和OCTA在AD的无创诊断中具有很大的应用潜力。然而,需要进一步的研究来确定视网膜和视神经中是否存在AD特异性的结构或微血管改变模式,以区分AD与其他神经退行性疾病。开发敏感和特定的OCT/OCTA参数是必要的,然后才能在临床环境中用于检测AD。
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来源期刊
Eye and Brain
Eye and Brain OPHTHALMOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
2.30%
发文量
12
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: Eye and Brain is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on basic research, clinical findings, and expert reviews in the field of visual science and neuro-ophthalmology. The journal’s unique focus is the link between two well-known visual centres, the eye and the brain, with an emphasis on the importance of such connections. All aspects of clinical and especially basic research on the visual system are addressed within the journal as well as significant future directions in vision research and therapeutic measures. This unique journal focuses on neurological aspects of vision – both physiological and pathological. The scope of the journal spans from the cornea to the associational visual cortex and all the visual centers in between. Topics range from basic biological mechanisms to therapeutic treatment, from simple organisms to humans, and utilizing techniques from molecular biology to behavior. The journal especially welcomes primary research articles or review papers that make the connection between the eye and the brain. Specific areas covered in the journal include: Physiology and pathophysiology of visual centers, Eye movement disorders and strabismus, Cellular, biochemical, and molecular features of the visual system, Structural and functional organization of the eye and of the visual cortex, Metabolic demands of the visual system, Diseases and disorders with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, Clinical and experimental neuro-ophthalmology and visual system pathologies, Epidemiological studies.
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