Do gene-environment interactions play a role in COVID-19 distribution? The case of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, air pollution and COVID-19.

IF 2.3 Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine Pub Date : 2021-04-22 eCollection Date: 2021-01-15 DOI:10.4081/mrm.2021.741
Nicola Murgia, Angelo Guido Corsico, Gennaro D'Amato, Cara Nichole Maesano, Arturo Tozzi, Isabella Annesi-Maesano
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Background: Gene-environment interactions are relevant for several respiratory diseases. This communication raises the hypothesis that the severity of COVID-19, a complex disease where the individual response to the infection may play a significant role, could partly result from a gene-environment interaction between air-pollution and Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) genes.

Methods: To evaluate the impact of the AAT and air pollution interaction on COVID-19, we introduced an AAT*air pollution global risk score summing together, in each country, an air pollution score (ozone, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter) and an AAT score (which sums the ranked frequency of MZ, SZ, MS). We compared this global score with the ranking of European countries in terms of death number per million persons.

Results: The ranking of the AAT*air pollution global risk score matched the ranking of the countries in terms of the observed COVID-19 deaths per 1M inhabitants, namely in the case of the first European countries: Belgium, UK, Spain, Italy, Sweden, France. We observed parallelism between the number of COVID deaths and the AAT*air pollution global risk in Europe. AAT anti-protease, immune-modulating and coagulation-modulating activities may explain this finding, although very speculatively.

Conclusions: Even if further studies taking into account genetic background, population density, temporal dynamics of individual epidemics, access to healthcare, social disparities and immunological response to SARS-CoV2 are needed, our preliminary observation urges to open a discussion on gene-environment interactions in COVID-19.

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基因-环境相互作用是否在COVID-19传播中发挥作用?α -1抗胰蛋白酶病例、空气污染与COVID-19
背景:基因-环境相互作用与几种呼吸系统疾病有关。这种交流提出了一种假设,即COVID-19的严重程度可能部分源于空气污染和α -1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)基因之间的基因-环境相互作用。COVID-19是一种复杂的疾病,个体对感染的反应可能发挥重要作用。方法:为了评估AAT和空气污染相互作用对COVID-19的影响,我们引入了AAT*空气污染全球风险评分,将每个国家的空气污染评分(臭氧、二氧化氮和细颗粒物)和AAT评分(MZ、SZ、MS的排名频率)相加。我们将这一全球得分与欧洲国家每百万人死亡人数的排名进行了比较。结果:AAT*空气污染全球风险评分的排名与观察到的每100万居民COVID-19死亡人数的国家排名相符,即欧洲国家:比利时、英国、西班牙、意大利、瑞典、法国。我们观察到欧洲新冠肺炎死亡人数与AAT*空气污染全球风险之间存在平行关系。AAT的抗蛋白酶、免疫调节和凝血调节活性可以解释这一发现,尽管这只是推测性的。结论:即使需要进一步研究考虑遗传背景、人口密度、个体流行病的时间动态、医疗保健可及性、社会差异和对SARS-CoV2的免疫反应,我们的初步观察也促使人们对COVID-19的基因-环境相互作用展开讨论。
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来源期刊
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine Medicine-Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine is the official journal of the Italian Respiratory Society - Società Italiana di Pneumologia (IRS/SIP). The journal publishes on all aspects of respiratory medicine and related fields, with a particular focus on interdisciplinary and translational research. The interdisciplinary nature of the journal provides a unique opportunity for researchers, clinicians and healthcare professionals across specialties to collaborate and exchange information. The journal provides a high visibility platform for the publication and dissemination of top quality original scientific articles, reviews and important position papers documenting clinical and experimental advances.
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