Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging.

IF 4.7 2区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Behavioral and Brain Functions Pub Date : 2021-06-12 DOI:10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9
Aliabbas Zia, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Saeed Samarghandian
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引用次数: 53

Abstract

Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.

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导致大脑衰老的分子和细胞途径。
衰老是一些与年龄相关的疾病(如神经退行性疾病)的主要危险因素。了解衰老机制的生物学对追求大脑健康至关重要。在这方面,脑老化的定义是神经生理功能的逐渐下降,适应性神经可塑性受损,神经元Ca2+稳态失调,神经炎症以及氧化修饰的分子和细胞器。许多途径导致大脑衰老,包括氧化应激增加、炎症、能量代谢紊乱(如自噬失调)、线粒体功能障碍,以及作为代谢控制中枢调节剂的IGF-1、mTOR、ROS、AMPK、sirt和p53,将衰老与导致神经退行性疾病的途径联系起来。此外,卡路里限制(CR)、体育锻炼和精神活动可以延长寿命,增强神经系统对与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病的抵抗力。CR的神经保护作用包括增强对ROS生成的保护,维持细胞Ca2+稳态和抑制细胞凋亡。最近关于神经生物学中脑衰老的现代分子和细胞方法的证据表明,脑细胞在适应衰老和抵抗神经退行性疾病方面具有重要的潜力。
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来源期刊
Behavioral and Brain Functions
Behavioral and Brain Functions 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: A well-established journal in the field of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience, Behavioral and Brain Functions welcomes manuscripts which provide insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying behavior and brain function, or dysfunction. The journal gives priority to manuscripts that combine both neurobiology and behavior in a non-clinical manner.
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