Intrusive memories following disaster: Relationship with peritraumatic responses and later affect.

IF 4.6 1区 心理学 Q1 Medicine Journal of abnormal psychology Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-26 DOI:10.1037/abn0000694
Alessandro Massazza, Helene Joffe, Chris R Brewin
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that intrusive memories result from disrupted information processing during traumatic memory encoding and are characterized by fear, helplessness, and horror at recall. Existing naturalistic studies are limited by the absence of direct comparisons between specific moments that do and do not correspond to intrusive memories. We tested predictions from cognitive theories of PTSD by comparing peritraumatic responses during moments experienced as intrusive memories versus distressing moments of the same traumatic event from the same individual not experienced as intrusive memories. A further comparison was with highly distressing moments experienced during the same event by individuals without intrusive memories. We utilized a psychometrically generated model to distinguish different peritraumatic reactions. Moments experienced as intrusive memories were characterized by higher peritraumatic distress, immobility, cognitive overload, and somatic dissociation when compared both to distressing moments from the same individual that did not intrude and to the most distressing memories of individuals without intrusions. Exploratory analyses indicated that at recall, intrusive memories were characterized by higher levels of primary traumatic emotions such as anxiety, fear, and helplessness in comparison with nonintrusive memories. Findings from this novel naturalistic design support predictions made by cognitive theories of PTSD and have implications for research and preventative interventions targeting intrusive memories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

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灾难后的侵入性记忆:与创伤周围反应和后来的影响的关系。
创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的认知理论认为,侵入性记忆是由于创伤记忆编码过程中信息加工的中断而产生的,其特征是对回忆的恐惧、无助和恐惧。现有的自然主义研究受到缺乏直接比较特定时刻与侵入性记忆相对应或不相对应的限制。我们通过比较来自同一个体的创伤性事件在经历侵入性记忆时的创伤周围反应和来自同一个体的非侵入性记忆时的痛苦时刻,来测试PTSD认知理论的预测。进一步的比较是,没有侵入性记忆的人在同一事件中经历了非常痛苦的时刻。我们使用心理测量生成的模型来区分不同的创伤周围反应。与未被侵入的个体的痛苦时刻和未被侵入的个体的最痛苦记忆相比,作为侵入性记忆经历的时刻具有更高的创伤周围痛苦、不动、认知超载和躯体分离的特征。探索性分析表明,在回忆时,与非侵入性记忆相比,侵入性记忆的特点是具有更高水平的初级创伤情绪,如焦虑、恐惧和无助。这种新颖的自然主义设计的发现支持了PTSD认知理论的预测,并对针对侵入性记忆的研究和预防性干预具有启示意义。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA,版权所有)。
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期刊介绍: The Journal of Abnormal Psychology® publishes articles on basic research and theory in the broad field of abnormal behavior, its determinants, and its correlates. The following general topics fall within its area of major focus: - psychopathology—its etiology, development, symptomatology, and course; - normal processes in abnormal individuals; - pathological or atypical features of the behavior of normal persons; - experimental studies, with human or animal subjects, relating to disordered emotional behavior or pathology; - sociocultural effects on pathological processes, including the influence of gender and ethnicity; and - tests of hypotheses from psychological theories that relate to abnormal behavior.
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