Current understanding of the neurobiology of opioid use disorder: An overview.

IF 2.1 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2019-03-15 Epub Date: 2019-01-17 DOI:10.1007/s40473-019-0170-4

Hestia Moningka, Sarah Lichenstein, Sarah W Yip

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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review provides an overview of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder (OUD) drawing from genetic, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research.

Recent findings: Preliminary evidence suggests an association between OUD and specific variants of the DRD2, δ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRD1) and μ-opioid receptor 1 (OPRM1) genes. Additionally, MRI research indicates functional and structural alterations in striatal and corticolimbic brain regions and pathways underlying reward, emotion/stress and cognitive control processes among individuals with OUD.

Summary: Individual differences in genetic and functional and structural brain-based features are correlated with differences in OUD severity and treatment outcomes, and therefore may potentially one day be used to inform OUD treatment selection. However, given the heterogeneous findings reported, further longitudinal research across different stages of opioid addiction is needed to yield a convergent characterization of OUD and improve treatment and prevention.

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目前对阿片类药物使用障碍的神经生物学理解:综述。

综述目的：这篇综述从基因、功能和结构磁共振成像（MRI）研究中概述了阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的神经生物学机制。最近的发现：初步证据表明OUD和DRD2、δ-阿片受体1（OPRD1）和μ-阿片类受体1（OPRM1）基因的特定变体之间存在关联。此外，MRI研究表明，OUD患者的纹状体和皮质边缘脑区域以及奖赏、情绪/压力和认知控制过程的潜在途径发生了功能和结构变化。总结：基于大脑的遗传、功能和结构特征的个体差异与OUD严重程度和治疗结果的差异相关，因此有一天可能会被用来为OUD治疗选择提供信息。然而，鉴于报告的异质性发现，需要对阿片类药物成瘾的不同阶段进行进一步的纵向研究，以得出OUD的趋同特征，并改进治疗和预防。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

CiteScore

3.60

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： Under the leadership of Emil Coccaro, Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports will provide an in-depth review of topics covering personality and impulse control disorders, psychosis, mood and anxiety disorders, genetics and neuroscience, geropsychiatry and cognitive disorders of late life, child and developmental psychiatry, addictions, and neuromodulation.We accomplish this aim by inviting international authorities to contribute review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. By providing clear, insightful balanced contributions, the journal intends to serve those involved in the field of behavioral neuroscience.