Differences in malaria and haematocrit presentation in children living in different settings, North West Region, Cameroon.

Abstract

Background: Malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Cameroon. With all efforts being made to eliminate malaria, it is imperative to describe the epidemiology of the disease in different parts of the country in order to inform control policies. This study aimed to present the differences in the prevalence and intensity of malaria and the anaemic status of children living in different areas of the North West region of Cameroon.

Materials and methods: This study was carried out from April 2016-July 2017. Blood samples were collected from children via finger pricking. Stained thick and thin blood films were examined through microscopy (x100) to detect the presence of parasites and to estimate the geometric mean parasite density (GMPD). Packed cell volume (PCV) values were determined by micro-centrifugation. Data was analysed using SPSS to determine proportions and test for significance levels between these.

Results: Overall prevalence of malaria was 45.3%. Awing and Obang recorded the highest prevalence while Mankon and Nkwen recorded the lowest (p=0.01). The GMPD of infection was highly heterogeneous between the different localities (p=0.03). Age significantly affected the prevalence of malaria (p=0.02). Sex did not affect the prevalence nor the GMPD of malaria infection (p>0.05). Overall mean PCV value was 32.9±3.9. Localities in urban settings recorded the highest mean PCV values compared to those in rural settings (p=0.68). Sex and age did not affect mean PCV values (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Malaria still remains a major problem in the North West region of Cameroon. Malaria control interventions should therefore be based on evident spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Plasmodium species in a particular area so as not to waste resources that would only be of limited effectiveness and value to the populations at risk.