Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Breast Cancer Fear, and Perceived Self-Efficacy With Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Middle-Aged Nigerian Women.
{"title":"Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Breast Cancer Fear, and Perceived Self-Efficacy With Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Middle-Aged Nigerian Women.","authors":"Rita Ngozi Ezema, Charles Chima Igbokwe, Tochi Emmanuel Iwuagwu, Olaoluwa Samson Agbaje, Justina Ifeoma Ofuebe, Lawretta Ijeoma Abugu, Dorothy Doris Eze, Yohanna Wamanyi","doi":"10.1177/11782234211043651","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem among women. However, BC screening uptake is abysmally low among Nigerian women. This study evaluated the association of BC fear and perceived self-efficacy with BC screening (clinical breast exam [CBE] and mammography) among middle-aged Nigerian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among middle-aged women in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. The data were collected between September 2019 and February 2020. The BC screening uptake, fear, and self-efficacy were assessed using the validated Breast Cancer Screening Questionnaire (BCSQ), Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS), and Champion's Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale (CMSES). Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, chi-square test, and univariate analysis of variance. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine independent associations between selected sociodemographic factors, cancer fear, perceived self-efficacy, and BC screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 55.3 years (SD: 5.75). More than half of the women (51%) reported having a BC screening in the past 12 months. However, only 12.5% and 16.9% reported having a CBE or mammogram in the past 12 months. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low level of fear was 68%, 22.3%, and 9.8%, respectively. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low self-efficacy level was 50.6%, 37.5%, and 12.0%, respectively. The multivariable logistics regression analysis showed that women aged 50-59 years and 60-64 years were 3.5 times (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07-5.89, <i>P</i> < .0001), and 5.92 times (AOR = 5.92 95% CI: 2.63-13.35, <i>P</i> < .0001), respectively, more likely to perform mammogram than those aged 40-49 years. Women with a high level of self-efficacy were 2.68 times (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.15-6.26, <i>P</i> < .0001) more likely to use mammographic screening than those with low self-efficacy. Although not statistically significant, women with a moderate level of BC fear were 0.56 times less likely to use mammogram than women with a low level of BC fear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A low proportion of women underwent CBE or mammography. Women had a high level of BC fear and a moderate level of self-efficacy for BC screening. The findings emphasize the need for health educational and psychosocial interventions that improve self-efficacy and promote regular BC screening among middle-aged women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9163,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782234211043651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/92/10.1177_11782234211043651.PMC8488520.pdf","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782234211043651","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2021/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem among women. However, BC screening uptake is abysmally low among Nigerian women. This study evaluated the association of BC fear and perceived self-efficacy with BC screening (clinical breast exam [CBE] and mammography) among middle-aged Nigerian women.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among middle-aged women in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. The data were collected between September 2019 and February 2020. The BC screening uptake, fear, and self-efficacy were assessed using the validated Breast Cancer Screening Questionnaire (BCSQ), Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS), and Champion's Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale (CMSES). Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, chi-square test, and univariate analysis of variance. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine independent associations between selected sociodemographic factors, cancer fear, perceived self-efficacy, and BC screening.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 55.3 years (SD: 5.75). More than half of the women (51%) reported having a BC screening in the past 12 months. However, only 12.5% and 16.9% reported having a CBE or mammogram in the past 12 months. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low level of fear was 68%, 22.3%, and 9.8%, respectively. The prevalence of a high, moderate, and low self-efficacy level was 50.6%, 37.5%, and 12.0%, respectively. The multivariable logistics regression analysis showed that women aged 50-59 years and 60-64 years were 3.5 times (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07-5.89, P < .0001), and 5.92 times (AOR = 5.92 95% CI: 2.63-13.35, P < .0001), respectively, more likely to perform mammogram than those aged 40-49 years. Women with a high level of self-efficacy were 2.68 times (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.15-6.26, P < .0001) more likely to use mammographic screening than those with low self-efficacy. Although not statistically significant, women with a moderate level of BC fear were 0.56 times less likely to use mammogram than women with a low level of BC fear.
Conclusion: A low proportion of women underwent CBE or mammography. Women had a high level of BC fear and a moderate level of self-efficacy for BC screening. The findings emphasize the need for health educational and psychosocial interventions that improve self-efficacy and promote regular BC screening among middle-aged women.
乳腺癌(BC)是妇女中一个主要的公共卫生问题。然而,尼日利亚妇女的BC筛查率极低。本研究评估了尼日利亚中年妇女对BC的恐惧和自我效能感与BC筛查(临床乳房检查[CBE]和乳房x光检查)的关系。方法:对尼日利亚东南部埃努古州的中年妇女进行了一项以社区为基础的横断面研究。数据收集于2019年9月至2020年2月。采用经验证的乳腺癌筛查问卷(BCSQ)、冠军乳腺癌恐惧量表(CBCFS)和冠军乳房x线摄影自我效能量表(CMSES)评估乳腺癌筛查的摄取、恐惧和自我效能。数据分析采用频率和百分比、卡方检验和单因素方差分析。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来检验选定的社会人口因素、癌症恐惧、感知自我效能和BC筛查之间的独立关联。结果:参与者平均年龄为55.3岁(SD: 5.75)。超过一半的女性(51%)报告在过去12个月内进行过BC筛查。然而,在过去的12个月里,只有12.5%和16.9%的人做过CBE或乳房x光检查。高、中、低水平恐惧的患病率分别为68%、22.3%和9.8%。高、中、低自我效能水平的患病率分别为50.6%、37.5%和12.0%。多变量logistic回归分析显示,50-59岁和60-64岁女性的发生率为3.5倍(调整优势比[AOR] = 3.50, 95%可信区间[CI]: 2.97 -5.89, P P P P结论:接受CBE或乳房x光检查的女性比例较低。女性对BC筛查有高水平的恐惧和中等水平的自我效能感。研究结果强调需要健康教育和社会心理干预,以提高自我效能感,并促进中年妇女定期进行BC筛查。
期刊介绍:
Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research is an international, open access, peer-reviewed, journal which considers manuscripts on all areas of breast cancer research and treatment. We welcome original research, short notes, case studies and review articles related to breast cancer-related research. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to, breast cancer sub types, pathobiology, metastasis, genetics and epigenetics, mammary gland biology, breast cancer models, prevention, detection, therapy and clinical interventions, and epidemiology and population genetics.