[Perioperative management of platelet function and anticoagulation in geriatric patients].

Abstract

Geriatric patients often have cardiovascular diseases that require differentiated perioperative management of hemostasis. The operation-related bleeding risk and the individual thromboembolism risk mutually influence each other, so that a differentiated preoperative assessment of the further prescription of coagulation-modulating medication is required. In many cases the active coagulation medication can be interrupted without replacement or continued unchanged. In cardiovascular diseases with antiplatelet medication, the preoperative risk-benefit assessment for most operations leads to the continuation of previous platelet aggregation inhibitor monotherapy; however, if there is a high risk of cardiovascular thromboembolism with dual platelet inhibition, the individual perioperative medication should be closely coordinated with a geriatrician or cardiologist.In most cases, the intake of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) can be preoperatively interrupted. In cases of high risk of thromboembolism, a temporary bridging with heparin must be carried out. The introduction of the four new direct oral antagonists (DOAC) has made the perioperative management of anticoagulation much easier. Bridging with heparin is not necessary. Perioperatively, only the dosage and timing of interruption of the DOACs have to be determined individually depending on the operative bleeding risk as well as the age, body weight and kidney function of the patient. If bleeding complications arise under the influence of the DOACs, antidotes are available for three of the four DOACs, which in acute cases can be used in addition to prothrombin complex concentrates and fresh frozen plasma to normalize coagulation.