Sensing Stemness.

IF 2.3 Q4 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING Current Stem Cell Reports Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-06 DOI:10.1007/s40778-021-00201-w

Teresa V Bowman, Eirini Trompouki

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Purpose of review: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are formed embryonically during a dynamic developmental process and later reside in adult hematopoietic organs in a quiescent state. In response to their changing environment, HSCs have evolved diverse mechanisms to cope with intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. This review intends to discuss how HSCs and other stem cells co-opted DNA and RNA innate immune pathways to fine-tune developmental processes.

Recent findings: Innate immune receptors for nucleic acids like the RIG-I-like family receptors and members of DNA sensing pathways are expressed in HSCs and other stem cells. Even though the "classic" role of these receptors is recognition of foreign DNA or RNA from pathogens, it was recently shown that cellular transposable element (TE) RNA or R-loops activate such receptors, serving as endogenous triggers of inflammatory signaling that can shape HSC formation during development and regeneration.

Summary: Endogenous TEs and R-loops activate RNA and DNA sensors, which trigger distinct inflammatory signals to fine-tune stem cell decisions. This phenomenon could have broad implications for diverse somatic stem cells, for a variety of diseases and during aging.

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感应具备干细胞。

综述目的:造血干细胞(Hematopoietic stem cells, hsc)是在胚胎时期形成的动态发育过程，随后以静止状态存在于成人造血器官中。为了应对不断变化的环境，造血干细胞进化出了多种机制来应对内在和外在的挑战。本综述旨在讨论造血干细胞和其他干细胞如何通过DNA和RNA先天免疫途径来微调发育过程。最近发现:核酸的先天免疫受体如RIG-I-like家族受体和DNA感应通路成员在造血干细胞和其他干细胞中表达。尽管这些受体的“经典”作用是识别来自病原体的外源DNA或RNA，但最近的研究表明，细胞转座因子(TE) RNA或r环激活这些受体，作为炎症信号的内源性触发器，可以在发育和再生过程中形成HSC。内源性TEs和r环激活RNA和DNA传感器，从而触发不同的炎症信号来微调干细胞的决定。这一现象可能对多种体细胞干细胞、多种疾病和衰老过程产生广泛影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Stem Cell Reports Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Genetics

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The goal of this journal is to publish cutting-edge reviews on subjects pertinent to all aspects of stem cell research, therapy, ethics, commercialization, and policy. We aim to provide incisive, insightful, and balanced contributions from leading experts in each relevant domain that will be of immediate interest to a wide readership of clinicians, basic scientists, and translational investigators. We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the discipline. Section Editors select topics to be reviewed by leading experts who emphasize recent developments and highlight important papers published over the past year on their topics, in a crisp and readable format. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.