Neurosyphilis as a Rare Cause of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depression: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.

Abstract

Syphilis infection caused by Treponema pallidum is also referred to as the ‘great imposter’ due to its varied manifestations. Neurosyphilis is tertiary syphilis that involves the brain. ‘General paresis’ is a later manifestation of neurosyphilis.1-3 With the widespread clinical use of penicillin, neurosyphilis has become rare and is not typically considered by clinicians. However, because neurosyphilis can be a cause of treatable dementia, there is a need to consider neurosyphilis as a possible cause of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We present two cases that initially presented with cognitive decline, depression, and gait instability and were later diagnosed with general paresis.