Association Between the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) with the Presence of Hypertension among Health Care Workers.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to observe the association between the presence of hypertension with Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers who received CoronaVac vaccination.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia on 155 healthcare workers aged 18-59 years old who already received twice of the CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Science, Beijing, China) injection with 14-day intervals. Hypertension was diagnosed according to the 2020 International Society of Hypertension. Subjects were monitored for six months. The primary outcome was the rate of Covid-19 diagnosed by the pharyngeal swab for the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination. The secondary endpoints were: (1) severity of Covid-19 among infected participants; (2) rate of hospitalizations; and (3) anti-SRBD antibody levels measured by ECLIA.

Results: Among 155 participants, 18.7% of them were diagnosed with hypertension, and 31.0% had the desirable BP target according to the current guidelines. Subjects with hypertension, especially those with uncontrolled blood pressure, had a higher incidence of Covid-19 infection than subjects without hypertension. Subjects with symptomatic Covid-19 and hospitalized because of Covid-19 were higher in participants with hypertension. The anti-SRBD antibody levels were lower in the second month after CoronaVac vaccination in hypertensive subjects. In contrast, comparable anti-SRBD levels were seen from both groups at sixth months after vaccination.

Conclusion: Hypertension was associated with lower vaccine effectiveness in healthcare workers. Subjects with hypertension had a higher risk of being infected with Covid-19 despite getting a complete dose of vaccination and lower antibody production.