Kilohertz alternating current neuromodulation of the pudendal nerves: effects on the anal canal and anal sphincter in rats.

IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Journal of applied biomedicine Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2022-06-21 DOI:10.32725/jab.2022.009
Rosa L Coolen, Koen M Emmer, Panagiota I Spantidea, Els van Asselt, Jeroen R Scheepe, Wouter A Serdijn, Bertil F M Blok
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Abstract

The first two objectives were to establish which stimulation parameters of kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) neuromodulation influence the effectiveness of pudendal nerve block and its safety. The third aim was to determine whether KHFAC neuromodulation of the pudendal nerve can relax the pelvic musculature, including the anal sphincter. Simulation experiments were conducted to establish which parameters can be adjusted to improve the effectiveness and safety of the nerve block. The outcome measures were block threshold (measure of effectiveness) and block threshold charge per phase (measure of safety). In vivo, the pudendal nerves in 11 male and 2 female anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats were stimulated in the range of 10 Hz to 40 kHz, and the effect on anal pressure was measured. The simulations showed that block threshold and block threshold charge per phase depend on waveform, interphase delay, electrode-to-axon distance, interpolar distance, and electrode array orientation. In vivo, the average anal pressure during unilateral KHFAC stimulation was significantly lower than the average peak anal pressure during low-frequency stimulation (p < 0.001). Stimulation with 20 kHz and 40 kHz (square wave, 10 V amplitude, 50% duty cycle, no interphase delay) induced the largest anal pressure decrease during both unilateral and bilateral stimulation. However, no statistically significant differences were detected between the different frequencies. This study showed that waveform, interphase delay and the alignment of the electrode along the nerve affect the effectiveness and safety of KHFAC stimulation. Additionally, we showed that KHFAC neuromodulation of the pudendal nerves with an electrode array effectively reduces anal pressure in rats.

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千赫交流电对阴部神经的神经调节:对大鼠肛管和肛门括约肌的影响。
前两个目的是确定千赫频率交流电(KHFAC)神经调节的刺激参数影响阴部神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。第三个目的是确定阴部神经的KHFAC神经调节是否可以放松盆腔肌肉,包括肛门括约肌。通过仿真实验确定可以调整哪些参数以提高神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。结果测量为阻滞阈值(有效性测量)和阻滞阈值每期收费(安全性测量)。在体内对11只雄性和2只雌性麻醉大鼠阴部神经进行10hz ~ 40khz的刺激,测定其对肛门压力的影响。模拟结果表明,阻滞阈值和阻滞阈值电荷与波形、相间延迟、电极-轴突距离、极性间距离和电极阵列方向有关。在体内,单侧KHFAC刺激时的平均肛门压力显著低于低频刺激时的平均峰值肛门压力(p < 0.001)。20 kHz和40 kHz(方波,10 V振幅,50%占空比,无相间延迟)刺激在单侧和双侧均引起最大的肛门压力下降。然而,不同频率之间没有统计学上的显著差异。本研究表明,波形、相间延迟和电极沿神经的排列影响KHFAC刺激的有效性和安全性。此外,我们发现用电极阵列对阴部神经的KHFAC神经调节有效地降低了大鼠的肛门压力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of applied biomedicine
Journal of applied biomedicine PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
13
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Applied Biomedicine promotes translation of basic biomedical research into clinical investigation, conversion of clinical evidence into practice in all medical fields, and publication of new ideas for conquering human health problems across disciplines. Providing a unique perspective, this international journal publishes peer-reviewed original papers and reviews offering a sensible transfer of basic research to applied clinical medicine. Journal of Applied Biomedicine covers the latest developments in various fields of biomedicine with special attention to cardiology and cardiovascular diseases, genetics, immunology, environmental health, toxicology, neurology and oncology as well as multidisciplinary studies. The views of experts on current advances in nanotechnology and molecular/cell biology will be also considered for publication as long as they have a direct clinical impact on human health. The journal does not accept basic science research or research without significant clinical implications. Manuscripts with innovative ideas and approaches that bridge different fields and show clear perspectives for clinical applications are considered with top priority.
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