A decentralized mechanism for improving the functional robustness of distribution networks.

Benyun Shi, Jiming Liu
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Most real-world distribution systems can be modeled as distribution networks, where a commodity can flow from source nodes to sink nodes through junction nodes. One of the fundamental characteristics of distribution networks is the functional robustness, which reflects the ability of maintaining its function in the face of internal or external disruptions. In view of the fact that most distribution networks do not have any centralized control mechanisms, we consider the problem of how to improve the functional robustness in a decentralized way. To achieve this goal, we study two important problems: 1) how to formally measure the functional robustness, and 2) how to improve the functional robustness of a network based on the local interaction of its nodes. First, we derive a utility function in terms of network entropy to characterize the functional robustness of a distribution network. Second, we propose a decentralized network pricing mechanism, where each node need only communicate with its distribution neighbors by sending a "price" signal to its upstream neighbors and receiving "price" signals from its downstream neighbors. By doing so, each node can determine its outflows by maximizing its own payoff function. Our mathematical analysis shows that the decentralized pricing mechanism can produce results equivalent to those of an ideal centralized maximization with complete information. Finally, to demonstrate the properties of our mechanism, we carry out a case study on the U.S. natural gas distribution network. The results validate the convergence and effectiveness of our mechanism when comparing it with an existing algorithm.

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一种分散的机制,用于提高配电网络的功能稳健性。
大多数现实世界的分销系统都可以建模为分销网络,其中商品可以通过连接节点从源节点流向汇聚节点。配电网的基本特征之一是功能稳健性,它反映了在面对内部或外部中断时保持其功能的能力。鉴于大多数配电网络没有任何集中控制机制,我们考虑了如何以分散的方式提高功能鲁棒性的问题。为了实现这一目标,我们研究了两个重要问题:1)如何形式化地度量功能鲁棒性;2)如何基于节点的局部交互来提高网络的功能鲁棒性。首先,我们从网络熵的角度推导了一个效用函数来表征配电网的功能鲁棒性。其次,我们提出了一种去中心化的网络定价机制,其中每个节点只需要通过向上游邻居发送“价格”信号并从下游邻居接收“价格”信号来与其分布邻居通信。通过这样做,每个节点可以通过最大化自己的支付函数来确定其流出。我们的数学分析表明,分散定价机制可以产生与完全信息下理想的集中最大化相当的结果。最后,为了证明我们的机制的性质,我们对美国天然气分销网络进行了案例研究。通过与现有算法的比较,验证了该算法的收敛性和有效性。
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