Searching Behavior in the Tropical Fire Ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Abstract

Social insects have evolved different search strategies to find target objects in unknown environments. In the present study, the searching behavior of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata was investigated in a circular arena. The average time, search path, speed, and search patterns of worker ants in a circular arena were determined. The results showed that fire ant workers followed six major search patterns. The variation in the searching patterns of workers may explain the different levels of exploration. Most workers (56.8%) tended to search in small loops and progressively increase the search area size. These workers mostly turned in one direction, either clockwise or counterclockwise. More workers turned in a consistent pattern than in an inconsistent pattern. Moving speed was also higher in workers that maintained their turning directions than in those that changed directions. We thus propose that following search patterns consisting of loops of increasing size may be an effective strategy. The tropical fire ant S. geminata is a globally invasive species that was introduced to Taiwan 40 years ago and has continued to threaten residents. Based on behavioral studies of S. geminata, we may gain a better understanding of their exploratory behavior in the ecosystem in Taiwan.