CD36 polymorphism, sugary drinks, and sedentarism are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype.

Abstract

Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by concomitant increases in waist circumference (WC) and blood triglyceride levels (TG), which have been identified as a predictor of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to analyze associations between food consumption, exercise, and the CD36 gene rs1761667 G>A polymorphism with the HTGW phenotype in adult Mexicans. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 255 participants (both genders, between 18-64 years of age). The HTGW phenotype was defined as WC >88 cm in women, WC >102 cm in men, and TG >150 mg/dL. Body composition was analyzed by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intakes (macro and micronutrients) were evaluated through a validated 64-item food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h recall. Physical exercise was subjectively recorded asking the participants if they regularly performed some systematic exercise or sport of moderate intensity at least 150-300 minutes a week. Biochemical tests were determined by an automated system. A Taqman real-time assay was used to detect the rs1761667 (G>A) polymorphism of the CD36 gene. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyze the variables potentially associated with the HTGW phenotype (adjusted for age, energy intake, and total fat mass). Results: Overall, 21.6% of the population presented the HTGW phenotype; compared to the HTGW-, also, they were older, had more body fat, higher glucose, cholesterol and insulin levels, and high blood pressure. Female sex (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.12-7.60, p=0.028), body mass index (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32, p=0.001), total cholesterol (OR=1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.02, p=0.039), daily consumption of sugary drinks (OR=6.94, 95% CI: 1.80-26.8, p=0.005), and the CD36 AG genotype (OR=3.81, 95% CI: 1.08-13.4, p=0.037) were positively associated with the HTGW phenotype, while performing exercise played a protective role (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.62, p=0.004). Overall, the model predicted the HTGW phenotype in 47% (R²=0.47, p≤0.001). Conclusion: The CD36 AG genotype, daily consumption of sugary drinks and sedentarism are risk factors for the HTGW phenotype in Mexicans.