Effect of maximum exercise on left ventricular deformation and its correlation with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in competitive athletes.

IF 3.2 Q2 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Echo Research and Practice Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI:10.1186/s44156-023-00029-6

J Kandels, S Stöbe, A Kogel, P Hepp, H Riepenhof, J N Droste, T Stoeggl, R P Marshall, U Rudolph, U Laufs, S Fikenzer, A Hagendorff

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Abstract

Background: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global myocardial work index (GWI) allow early detection of subclinical changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The aim of the study was to investigate the immediate effects of maximum physical exercise by different exercise testing methods on early post exercise LV deformation parameters in competitive athletes and to analyze their correlation with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity.

Methods: To reach maximum physical exercise, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed by semi-recumbent ergometer in competitive handball players (n = 13) and by treadmill testing in competitive football players (n = 19). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO_2max) indexed to body weight (relative VO_2max) was measured in all athletes. Transthoracic echocardiography and blood pressure measurements were performed at rest and 5 min after CPET in all athletes. GLS, GWI and their changes before and after CPET (ΔGLS, ΔGWI) were correlated with (relative) VO_2max.

Results: In handball and football players, GLS and GWI did not differ significantly before and after CPET. There were no significant correlations between GLS and relative VO_2max, but moderate correlations were found between ΔGWI and relative VO_2max in handball (r = 0.631; P = 0.021) and football players (r = 0.592; P = 0.008). Furthermore, handball (46.7 ml/min*kg ± 4.7 ml/min*kg vs. 37.4 ml/min*kg ± 4.2; P = 0.004) and football players (58.3 ml/min*kg ± 3.7 ml/min*kg vs. 49.7 ml/min*kg ± 6.8; P = 0.002) with an increased ΔGWI after CPET showed a significant higher relative VO_2max.

Conclusion: Maximum physical exercise has an immediate effect on LV deformation, irrespective of the used testing method. The correlation of relative VO_2max with ΔGWI in the early post exercise period, identifies ΔGWI as an echocardiographic parameter for characterizing the current individual training status of athletes.

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最大运动量对竞技运动员左心室变形的影响及其与心肺运动能力的相关性。

背景：整体纵向应变（GLS）和整体心肌功指数（GWI）可以早期检测左心室（LV）收缩功能的亚临床变化。本研究的目的是通过不同的运动测试方法，研究最大限度的体育锻炼对竞技运动员运动后早期左心室变形参数的直接影响，并分析其与心肺运动能力的相关性。方法：采用半卧式测力计对手球运动员（n = 13）以及通过对竞技足球运动员的跑步机测试（n = 19）。测量所有运动员的最大摄氧量（VO2max）与体重（相对摄氧量）的关系。所有运动员在休息时和CPET后5分钟进行经胸超声心动图和血压测量。GLS、GWI及其在CPET前后的变化（ΔGLS、ΔGWI）与VO2max（相对）呈正相关。GLS与相对VO2max之间无显著相关性，但手球ΔGWI与相对VO2m ax之间存在中度相关性（r = 0.631；P = 0.021）和足球运动员（r = 0.592；P = 0.008）。此外，手球（46.7 ml/min*kg ± 4.7毫升/分钟*kg与37.4毫升/分钟*kg ± 4.2；P = 0.004）和足球运动员（58.3 ml/min*kg ± 3.7毫升/分钟*kg与49.7毫升/分钟*kg ± 6.8；P = 0.002），CPET后ΔGWI增加显示出显著更高的相对VO2max。结论：无论使用何种测试方法，最大限度的体育锻炼都会对左心室变形产生直接影响。运动后早期相对VO2max与ΔGWI的相关性表明，ΔGWI是表征运动员当前个人训练状态的超声心动图参数。

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来源期刊

Echo Research and Practice CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

12.70%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Echo Research and Practice aims to be the premier international journal for physicians, sonographers, nurses and other allied health professionals practising echocardiography and other cardiac imaging modalities. This open-access journal publishes quality clinical and basic research, reviews, videos, education materials and selected high-interest case reports and videos across all echocardiography modalities and disciplines, including paediatrics, anaesthetics, general practice, acute medicine and intensive care. Multi-modality studies primarily featuring the use of cardiac ultrasound in clinical practice, in association with Cardiac Computed Tomography, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance or Nuclear Cardiology are of interest. Topics include, but are not limited to: 2D echocardiography 3D echocardiography Comparative imaging techniques – CCT, CMR and Nuclear Cardiology Congenital heart disease, including foetal echocardiography Contrast echocardiography Critical care echocardiography Deformation imaging Doppler echocardiography Interventional echocardiography Intracardiac echocardiography Intraoperative echocardiography Prosthetic valves Stress echocardiography Technical innovations Transoesophageal echocardiography Valve disease.