Neuroprotective effects of riluzole in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI:10.1111/fcp.12955

Maryam Golmohammadi, Mohammadreza Mahmoudian, Ekhlas Khammas Hasan, Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani, Rosario Mireya Romero-Parra, Jitendra Malviya, Ahmed Hjazi, Mazin A. A. Najm, Abbas F. Almulla, Mohammad Yasin Zamanian, Mona Kadkhodaei, Nazanin Mousavi

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Abstract

Background

Despite several hundred clinical trials of drugs that initially showed promise, there has been limited clinical improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This may be attributed to the existence of at least 25 abnormal cellular pathways that underlie the disease. It is improbable for a single drug to address all or most of these pathways, thus even drugs that show promise when administered alone are unlikely to produce significant results. According to previous studies, eight drugs, namely, dantrolene, erythropoietin, lithium, memantine, minocycline, piracetam, riluzole, and silymarin, have been found to target multiple pathways that are involved in the development of AD. Among these drugs, riluzole is currently indicated for the treatment of medical conditions in both adult patients and children and has gained increased attention from scientists due to its potential in the excitotoxic hypothesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of drugs on AD based on cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Methods

The literature search for this study utilized the Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles.

Results

Riluzole exerts its effects in AD through diverse pathways including the inhibition of voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels, blocking AMPA and NMDA receptors and inhibiting the release of glutamic acid release and stimulation of EAAT1-EAAT2.

Conclusion

In this review article, we aimed to review the neuroprotective properties of riluzole, a glutamate modulator, in AD, which could benefit patients with the disease.

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利鲁唑对阿尔茨海默病的神经保护作用：综述。

背景：尽管数百项药物的临床试验最初显示出了希望，但阿尔茨海默病（AD）的临床改善有限。这可能归因于该疾病背后至少存在25种异常细胞途径。单一药物不太可能解决所有或大部分这些途径，因此即使是单独用药也不太可能产生显著效果。根据先前的研究，已经发现八种药物，即丹特罗林、红细胞生成素、锂、美金刚、米诺环素、吡拉西坦、利鲁唑和水飞蓟素，靶向参与AD发展的多种途径。在这些药物中，利鲁唑目前适用于治疗成人和儿童的疾病，由于其在神经退行性疾病兴奋性毒性假说中的潜力，它越来越受到科学家的关注。目的：从细胞和分子机制探讨药物对AD的影响。方法：本研究的文献检索利用Scopus、ScienceDirect、PubMed和Google Scholar数据库来识别相关文章。结果：利鲁唑通过多种途径在AD中发挥作用，包括抑制电压依赖性钠和钙通道，阻断AMPA和NMDA受体，抑制谷氨酸释放和刺激EAAT1-EAAT2，这可以使该疾病的患者受益。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 医学-药学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

6.90%

发文量

111

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology publishes reports describing important and novel developments in fundamental as well as clinical research relevant to drug therapy. Original articles, short communications and reviews are published on all aspects of experimental and clinical pharmacology including: Antimicrobial, Antiviral Agents Autonomic Pharmacology Cardiovascular Pharmacology Cellular Pharmacology Clinical Trials Endocrinopharmacology Gene Therapy Inflammation, Immunopharmacology Lipids, Atherosclerosis Liver and G-I Tract Pharmacology Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics Neuropharmacology Neuropsychopharmacology Oncopharmacology Pediatric Pharmacology Development Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics Pharmacovigilance Pulmonary Pharmacology Receptors, Signal Transduction Renal Pharmacology Thrombosis and Hemostasis Toxicopharmacology Clinical research, including clinical studies and clinical trials, may cover disciplines such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenomics and pharmacoeconomics. Basic research articles from fields such as physiology and molecular biology which contribute to an understanding of drug therapy are also welcomed.