Arf6 is required for endocytosis and filamentous actin assembly during angiogenesis in vitro

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 HEMATOLOGY Microcirculation Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI:10.1111/micc.12831
Caitlin R. Francis, Makenzie L. Bell, Marina M. Skripnichuk, Erich J. Kushner
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Objective

Endocytosis is a process vital to angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In pathologies where supraphysiological growth factor signaling underlies disease etiology, such as in diabetic retinopathy and solid tumors, strategies to limit chronic growth factor signaling by way of blunting endocytic processes have been shown to have tremendous clinical value. ADP ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a small GTPase that promotes the assembly of actin necessary for clathrin-mediated and clathrin-independent endocytosis. In its absence, growth factor signaling is greatly diminished, which has been shown to ameliorate pathological signaling input in diseased vasculature. However, it is less clear if there are bystander effects related to loss of Arf6 on angiogenic behaviors. Our goal was to provide an analysis of Arf6's function in angiogenic endothelium, focusing on its role in actin and endocytosis as well as sprouting morphogenesis.

Methods

Primary endothelial cells were cultured in both 2D and 3D environments. Here, endothelial cells were fixed and stained for various proteins or transfected with fluorescently-tagged constructs for live-cell imaging.

Results

We found that Arf6 localized to both filamentous actin and sites of endocytosis in two-dimensional culture. Loss of Arf6 distorted both apicobasal polarity and reduced the total cellular filamentous actin content, which may be the primary driver underlying gross sprouting dysmorphogenesis in its absence.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that endothelial Arf6 is a potent mediator of both actin regulation and endocytosis and is required for proper sprout formation.

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在体外血管生成过程中,Arf6是内吞作用和丝状肌动蛋白组装所必需的。
目的:细胞内积是一个对血管生成和血管稳态至关重要的过程。在超生理生长因子信号传导是疾病病因的病理学中,如糖尿病视网膜病变和实体瘤,通过钝化内吞过程来限制慢性生长因子信号的策略已被证明具有巨大的临床价值。ADP核糖基化因子6(Arf6)是一种小的GTP酶,它促进网格蛋白介导和网格蛋白非依赖性内吞所必需的肌动蛋白的组装。在缺乏生长因子的情况下,生长因子信号传导大大减少,这已被证明可以改善病变血管系统中的病理信号传导输入。然而,目前尚不清楚是否存在与Arf6缺失有关的旁观者对血管生成行为的影响。我们的目标是分析Arf6在血管生成内皮中的功能,重点分析其在肌动蛋白和内吞作用以及发芽形态发生中的作用。方法:在2D和3D环境中培养原代内皮细胞。在此,将内皮细胞固定并染色各种蛋白质,或用荧光标记的构建体转染以进行活细胞成像。结果:我们发现在二维培养中,Arf6定位于丝状肌动蛋白和内吞位点。Arf6的缺失扭曲了尖鼻极性,并降低了细胞丝状肌动蛋白的总含量,这可能是在缺乏其的情况下导致毛芽畸形发生的主要驱动因素。结论:我们的研究结果强调,内皮Arf6是肌动蛋白调节和内吞作用的有效介质,是正常芽形成所必需的。
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来源期刊
Microcirculation
Microcirculation 医学-外周血管病
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
4.20%
发文量
43
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal features original contributions that are the result of investigations contributing significant new information relating to the vascular and lymphatic microcirculation addressed at the intact animal, organ, cellular, or molecular level. Papers describe applications of the methods of physiology, biophysics, bioengineering, genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to problems in microcirculation. Microcirculation also publishes state-of-the-art reviews that address frontier areas or new advances in technology in the fields of microcirculatory disease and function. Specific areas of interest include: Angiogenesis, growth and remodeling; Transport and exchange of gasses and solutes; Rheology and biorheology; Endothelial cell biology and metabolism; Interactions between endothelium, smooth muscle, parenchymal cells, leukocytes and platelets; Regulation of vasomotor tone; and Microvascular structures, imaging and morphometry. Papers also describe innovations in experimental techniques and instrumentation for studying all aspects of microcirculatory structure and function.
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