Assessing food security performance from the One Health concept: an evaluation tool based on the Global One Health Index.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Infectious Diseases of Poverty Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI:10.1186/s40249-023-01135-7
Si-Yu Gu, Fu-Min Chen, Chen-Sheng Zhang, Yi-Bin Zhou, Tian-Yun Li, Ne Qiang, Xiao-Xi Zhang, Jing-Shu Liu, Shu-Xun Wang, Xue-Chen Yang, Xiao-Kui Guo, Qin-Qin Hu, Xiao-Bei Deng, Le-Fei Han
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Abstract

Background: Food systems instantiate the complex interdependencies across humans, physical environments, and other organisms. Applying One Health approaches for agri-food system transformation, which adopts integrated and unifying approaches to optimize the overall health of humans, animals, plants, and environments, is crucial to enhance the sustainability of food systems. This study develops a potential assessment tool, named the global One Health index-Food Security (GOHI-FS), aiming to evaluate food security performance across countries/territories from One Health perspective and identify relevant gaps that need to be improved for sustainable food systems.

Methods: We comprehensively reviewed existing frameworks and elements of food security. The indicator framework of GOHI-FS was conceptualized following the structure-process-outcome model and confirmed by expert advisory. Publicly available data in 2020 was collected for each indicator. The weighting strategy was determined by the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. The data for each indicator was normalized and aggregated by weighted arithmetic mean. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the associations of GOHI-FS with health and social-economic indicators.

Results: The GOHI-FS includes 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 45 third-level indicators. There were 146 countries/territories enrolled for evaluation. The highest average score of first-level indicators was Nutrition (69.8) and the lowest was Government Support and Response (31.3). There was regional heterogeneity of GOHI-FS scores. Higher median scores with interquartile range (IQR) were shown in North America (median: 76.1, IQR: 75.5-76.7), followed by Europe and Central Asia (median: 66.9, IQR: 60.1-74.3), East Asia and the Pacific (median: 60.6, IQR: 55.5-68.7), Latin America and the Caribbean (median: 60.2, IQR: 57.8-65.0), Middle East and North Africa (median: 56.6, IQR: 52.0-62.8), South Asia (median: 51.1, IQR: 46.7-53.8), and sub-Saharan Africa (median: 41.4, IQR: 37.2-46.5). We also found significant associations between GOHI-FS and GDP per capita, socio-demographic index, health expenditure and life expectancy.

Conclusions: GOHI-FS is a potential assessment tool to understand the gaps in food security across countries/territories under the One Health concept. The pilot findings suggest notable gaps for sub-Saharan Africa in numerous aspects. Broad actions are needed globally to promote government support and response for food security.

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从“一个健康”概念评估粮食安全绩效:基于全球一个健康指数的评估工具。
背景:食物系统体现了人类、物理环境和其他生物之间复杂的相互依存关系。将“一个健康”方法应用于农业食品系统转型,该方法采用综合统一的方法来优化人类、动物、植物和环境的整体健康,对于提高食品系统的可持续性至关重要。这项研究开发了一种潜在的评估工具,名为全球单一健康指数粮食安全(GOHI-FS),旨在从单一健康的角度评估各国/地区的粮食安全绩效,并确定可持续粮食系统需要改进的相关差距。方法:我们全面审查了粮食安全的现有框架和要素。GOHI-FS的指标框架是根据结构-过程-结果模型概念化的,并得到了专家咨询的确认。收集了2020年每个指标的公开数据。加权策略由模糊层次分析法确定。对每个指标的数据进行归一化,并通过加权算术平均数进行汇总。进行线性回归来评估GOHI-FS与健康和社会经济指标的相关性。结果:GOHI-FS包括5个一级指标、19个二级指标和45个三级指标。共有146个国家/地区参加了评估。一级指标平均得分最高的是营养(69.8),最低的是政府支持和反应(31.3)。GOHI-FS得分存在区域异质性。北美(中位数:76.1,IQR:75.5-76.7)、欧洲和中亚(中位数:66.9,IQR:60.1-74.3)、东亚和太平洋(中位数:60.6,IQR:55.5-68.7)、拉丁美洲和加勒比(中位数:60.0,IQR:57.8-65.0)、中东和北非(中位数:56.6,IQR:52.0-62.8),南亚(中位数:51.1,IQR:46.7-53.8)和撒哈拉以南非洲(中位数:41.4,IQR:37.2-46.5)。我们还发现GOHI-FS与人均GDP、社会人口指数、医疗支出和预期寿命之间存在显著关联。结论:GOHI-FS是一个潜在的评估工具,可以了解“一个健康”概念下各国/地区的粮食安全差距。试点结果表明,撒哈拉以南非洲在许多方面存在显著差距。需要在全球范围内采取广泛行动,促进政府对粮食安全的支持和应对。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Infectious Diseases of Poverty INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
自引率
1.20%
发文量
368
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.
期刊最新文献
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