Stakeholder Involvement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing in Japan

IF 1.3 Q3 ETHICS Asian Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI:10.1007/s41649-023-00251-8

Tatsuki Aikyo, Atsushi Kogetsu, Kazuto Kato

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Genome editing is a technology that can accurately and efficiently modify the genome of organisms, including the human genome. Although human genome editing (HGE) has many benefits, it also involves technical risks and ethical, legal, and social issues. Thus, the pros and cons of using this technology have been actively debated since 2015. Notably, the research community has taken an interest in the issue and has discussed it internationally. However, for the governance of HGE, the roles of government agencies and the general public are also important for an effective regulatory system. Here, we examine the roles of the research community, government, and public in the governance of HGE through an analysis of discussions in the Japanese Expert Panel on Bioethics. During the discussion of the research ethics review system, the professionalism of the research community and the pros and cons of state oversight have become issues for debate. Furthermore, through an examination of the overall policy-making process, three stakeholders are clearly involved in the governance of emerging medical technologies in the Expert Panel on Bioethics, a discussion forum established by government agencies. The contrast among these roles provides insight into the positive roles of government agencies and the research community and the conditions under which these roles are played. We also note that there are diverse actors in the public, which may have an impact on their participation. Our results may serve as a guide for countries and organizations to establish governance on emerging medical technologies.

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利益相关者参与日本人类基因组编辑治理。

基因组编辑是一种可以准确有效地修改包括人类基因组在内的生物体基因组的技术。尽管人类基因组编辑（HGE）有很多好处，但它也涉及技术风险以及伦理、法律和社会问题。因此，自2015年以来，使用这项技术的利弊一直备受争议。值得注意的是，研究界对这个问题很感兴趣，并在国际上进行了讨论。然而，对于HGE的治理，政府机构和公众的作用对于有效的监管体系也很重要。在这里，我们通过对日本生物伦理学专家小组讨论的分析，研究了研究界、政府和公众在HGE治理中的作用。在对研究伦理审查制度的讨论中，研究界的专业性和国家监督的利弊成为了争论的问题。此外，通过对整个决策过程的审查，三个利益攸关方显然参与了生物伦理专家小组对新兴医疗技术的治理，这是一个由政府机构设立的讨论论坛。这些角色之间的对比让我们深入了解了政府机构和研究界的积极作用，以及这些角色发挥的条件。我们还注意到，公众中有不同的行动者，这可能会对他们的参与产生影响。我们的研究结果可以为各国和组织建立新兴医疗技术的治理提供指导。

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Asian Bioethics Review Multiple-

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

3.40%

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期刊介绍： Asian Bioethics Review (ABR) is an international academic journal, based in Asia, providing a forum to express and exchange original ideas on all aspects of bioethics, especially those relevant to the region. Published quarterly, the journal seeks to promote collaborative research among scholars in Asia or with an interest in Asia, as well as multi-cultural and multi-disciplinary bioethical studies more generally. It will appeal to all working on bioethical issues in biomedicine, healthcare, caregiving and patient support, genetics, law and governance, health systems and policy, science studies and research. ABR provides analyses, perspectives and insights into new approaches in bioethics, recent changes in biomedical law and policy, developments in capacity building and professional training, and voices or essays from a student’s perspective. The journal includes articles, research studies, target articles, case evaluations and commentaries. It also publishes book reviews and correspondence to the editor. ABR welcomes original papers from all countries, particularly those that relate to Asia. ABR is the flagship publication of the Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore. The Centre for Biomedical Ethics is a collaborating centre on bioethics of the World Health Organization.

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